Structure & Properties of Water

structure of water

1 molecule of water is made up of 2 hydrogen atoms bonded with 1 oxygen atom

covalent bond

the bond that forms water

H₂O

chemical formula of water

polar molecule

molecule that has electrically charged areas

non-polar substances

substances that do not have charged ends

the negative end of the oxygen of another molecule

positive hydrogen ends of one molecule are attracted to what?

water is a polar substance

the properties of water all happen because?

capillary action

the combined force of attraction among water molecules and with the molecules of the surrounding material

capillary action

cohesion + adhesion = ?

surface tension

the tightness across the surface of water that is caused by the polar molecules pulling on one another

surface tension

it makes the surface act like a solid

universal solvent

this is a nickname given to water

solvent

the thing doing the dissolving

solute

the thing that dissolves away

other polar molecules

can be dissolved by water

non-polar substances

can not be dissolved in water

because water is a polar molecule and is shaped like a wedge, it is able to break up substances into smaller pieces (dissolve)

why is water so good at dissolving things?

cohesion

the attractive force between water molecules

adhesion

occurs when molecules of water are attracted to other substances

4°C

water is most dense

until 4°C

water contracts

from 4°C to 0°C

water expands

density of water

prevents water from freezing from the bottom up

ice

forms on the surface first

a crystalline lattice

when water reaches 0oC, water becomes locked into

10% less

ice is about _____ dense than water at 4°C

specific heat

the amount of energy needed to increase the temperature of something 1 degree C

high

water has a really ____ specific heat

high specific heat

takes a lot of energy for water to increase its temperature