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The Increase in output of machine-made goods that began in the middle 1700.

Prior to the Revolution:

• Goods were made by hand

• Many people lived on farms rather than cities.

During The Revolution:

• It began because wealthy owners started to buy farms, and people were making machines to start taking life and jobs easier.

  • Forced many smaller farmers to leave and find new jobs.

• Began in England, because they could easily trade, and had many great resources.

• Impact of Colonialism- More resources available that are needed to “produce” goods.

• The Steam Engine- One of the more powerful inventions as it could provide power to vehicles.

• There was a growth in the middle class. (Gap between poor and rich)

• Positive changes:

  • Increased production

  • Created jobs

  • fostered technology

  • Provided Hope

  • raised standards of living

  • Cheaper goods → more can afford.

• The ideas spread throughout Europe, the Americas, and Japan.

  • The countries who industrialized viewed it as a way to get more money, thus becoming more powerful.

• Living Conditions:

  • Cities were overwhelmed, and couldn’t properly plan. Many things like building codes, sanitation, and education were not great during this time.

  • Working conditions:

    • 14 hour work days

    • work 6 days a week

      • Dangers:

        • Poor conditions

        • Poorly lit, bad ventilations

        • dangerous machines

        • No Insurance

    • Child and women workers

    • Underpaid

Capitalism:

The Government has no control over business.

• Adam Smith- wrote “Wealth of Nations” → birth of capitalism

• Competition is good

  • Invisible hand → competition will naturally push people in the right direction.

Communism:

The government should interfere with business. Essentially controlling most if not all aspects.

• Battle between “Haves” and “Have Not”

  • Bourgeoisie vs. proletariat. Or Rich and Poor.

• Karl Marx- Came up with the first form of communism.

• Utopia- a book describing a perfect world where everybody helps out, and carries their weight.

• Modern Examples of Communism:

  • Former Russia (U.S.S.R)

  • Cuba

  • China

Other Things to Remember:

• Labor Unions- Groups made within companies to have some sort of power over the company.

• Child labor laws- made work fairrer for children

• Workers rights- made the working environment as a whole better for employees.

• Socialism- A community dicatets business.

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