Bio unit one

What five things are needed by living things

Water nutrients space CO2 oxygen

What are autotrophs

Organisms that produce their own food using sunlight or chemical energy, primarily through photosynthesis or chemosynthesis.

What are heterotrophs

Organisms that cannot produce their own food and instead obtain energy by consuming other living things.

Plants can produce their own food but

must obtain nutrients and water from the soil.

Why is space needed for organisms

to grow, move, and find resources such as food, water, and to compete for better conditions

What cells can perform cellular respiration

All eukaryotic cells, including animal and plant cells.

Cool hippos eat really tasty green red cherries what do they stand for

Cell homeostasis energy reproduction traits grows responds to stimulus changes as a species

What does ATP stand for

Adenosine triphosphate

What do all cells and organisms do

Grows

What cant an individual do

Evolve by itself

What are prokaryotes

organisms without membrane bound organelles, such as bacteria, that are unicellular.

What are eukaryotes

Complex organisms that contain organelles and can be unicellular or multicellular

Prokaryotes dont have what

Cell specialization because they have to do all the functions themselves

Multicellular organisms have what

Cell specialization allowing for division of labor among different cell types.

Cell differentiation is an example of what

A process that in which genes turn on and off to produce the appearance of cells so they can have their functions

Most cells have the same dna but what

can express different genes to perform specialized functions.

Even if the cell doesn’t have the function it still has what

the complete genetic information necessary for producing all cell types.

All things were created this way

Aristotle

Lammarks theory

Use and disuse, inheritance of acquired characteristics

Darwins theory

Natural selection by keeping traits that help organisms survive which gives them a higher chance of survival and reproduction

4 conditions of natural sel

Variation of fitness inheritable variation struggle for survival and time

What is evolution

Change in frequency of alleles in a gene pool

What are alleles

Variation of genes

What are homologous structures

Different ancestors but similar structures

What are analogous structures

Different ancestors with similar structures

Four factors that can affect frequency of alleles in a population

Mutation, gene flow, genetic drift and natural selection

Similarity of natural selection and artificial

Selective breeding, only genes that exist can be passed on

Snake

Unhinge jaw

Monkey

Tail to swing on trees

Cheeta

Sharp fangs to tear flesh

Elephant

Tusk for defense

Spider

Venom

Kangaroo

Strong legs to kick

How to determine if the offspring is a hybrid

If it cant reproduce

What is convergent evolution

Similar ancestry differenent structure

Three ways mutations can happen

Radiation, pesticides, naturally

What four factors can affect a gene pool

Genetic drift, gene flow, mutation, inbreeding

Two types of genetic drift

Bottle neck and founder effect

What is gene drift

Random change in alleles

What is deleterious alleles

They negatively affect traits

Embryo similar

Ancestors similar

Why are fossils good but not good enough

They can show evolution over time, but theres always going to be missing records

what is gene flow

When two populations mix together to bring more variety to traits and genes