Salmonella GI Infections and Dz

Enterobacteria have what characteristics?

Gram - Facultative anaerobes. No spores. Motile

What is the method of transmission of salmonella?

Fecal oral route

What animals are important reservoirs of infection of Salmonella?

Rodents and wild birds

How is salmonella enteric divided?

Stereotypes

Salmonella typhimurium will infect?

Mammals and birds

Salmonella choleraesuis will primarily infect what?

Swine

Explain the pathogenesis of Salmonella?

Facultative intracellular pathogen that survives gastric barrier and multiples in epithelial cells causing inflammation and fluid loss and cell damage. Will be picked up by macrophages and survive there.

How does salmonella get systemic?

Spread by macrophages in lymph nodes and blood stream.

What tissue can extra intestinal infections of salmonella cause?

Liver, Spleen, Brain, Meninges, Preg uterus, joints.

What are virulence factors of Salmonella?

Endotoxins, Exotoxins, biofilms.

How does salmonella survive the gastric acid barrier?

Acid shock proteins. Protection in the food barrier.

What will cause sub clinically infected animals to become clinical?

Stress. Co-infection — transportation - crowding - preg - Temp extremes - Anesthetics - ABX - Diet change

What are the two major forms of salmonellosis?

Enteritis or Systemic septicemia.

What affect does salmonella have on the cattle and poultry industry?

High economical impact.

Salmonella Dublin will most commonly affect what?

Cattle of all ages - enterocolitis, diarrhea, fever and likely resp illness and poss abortions.

Salmonella typhimurium will affect what?

Calves - enterocolitis w/ diarrhea

Salmonella typhimurium is highly __? 

Zoonotic

Salmonella Choleraesuis will mostly be associated w/ what clinical signs?

Septicemic dz in pigs. - Hepatitis - Pneumonia - Cerebral vasculitis

What does Salmonella Choleraesuis cause in pigs?

Mild to moderate diarrhea

What does Salmonella typhimurium cause in horses?

Self-limiting diarrhea to severe necrotizing enterocolitis.

Salmonosis is a common cause of ___ in horses but _ in neonates and foals?

Infectious diarrhea. Septicemia

What does Salmonella Abortusovis cause in sheep?

Abortion, stillbirth, neonatal deaths

Salmonella Abortusovis can potentially be __?

Zoonotic

What other Salmonella stereotypes can cause reproductive losses in Ewes?

Salmonella Dublin, Salmonella Typhimurium

Salmonella is uncommon in what species?

Dogs/ cats - mild fever and enteritis.

How is Salmonella Pullorum and Gallinarum contracted?

Transovarian fecal-oral

Salmonella Pullorum is most common in what animals?

Birds under 4 w old.

What signs will we see in Salmonella pullorum?

White diarrhea, anorexia, depression

Labored breathing, high mortality.

Salmonella Gallinarum (Fowl typhoid) is most common in what animals?

Growing/ adult birds

What are symptoms of Salmonella Gallinarum (Fowl Typhoid)?

Anorexia

Depression

Watery to mucoid diarrhea

Septicemia w/ sudden death

How is Salmonella typhinmurium transmitted from birds to humans?

Egg consumption

What form of salmonella will affect reptiles and can be potentially zoonotic?

Salmonella Typhimurium

What will we see in clincal dz of Salmonella Typphimurium in reptiles?

Dermatitis, Enteritis

Pneumonia, Hepatitis, Osteomyelitis

How is Salmonella treated?

Septicemic: IV abx and supportive care.

Enteric: Oral Abx and supportive care

What animals have a vaccine for Salmonella?

Poultry, Cattle, Sheep, Swine

What is the most common type of Salmonella infection?

Carrier state