History Review

Economic imperialism

Economic imperialism is indirect control through trade.

Causes of the Crimean War?

Russia wanted access to warm water ports and the Mediterranean so they attacked the Ottoman Empire to try and seize the area. (France and Britain joined to try and stop the expansion of Russia, and defeated Russia.)

Impacts of European imperialism on the structure of African societies

European imperialism impacted African societies because it forced out their own cultures and beliefs and broke unity. It disrupted their traditional authority, and the unnatural boundaries caused the ethnic groups to divide.

What was the only successful African nation to resist European Imperialism?

The only successful African nation to resist European imperialism was Ethiopia.

Purpose of the Berlin Conference?

To set rules to divide Africa among European powers.

What were the forces driving imperialism?

-The Industrial revolution created the need for new resources and markets.

-Nationalism tied empire size to national pride.

-Racism and belief in European superiority.

-Social Darwinism justified conquest.

-Missionaries sought to spread Christianity they also wanted to civilize/westernize peoples' other lands.

What was a result of the Great Game?

A result of the Great Game was Afghanistan becoming a buffer state between the two powerful countries, and Russia temporarily signed a non-aggression pact with Afghanistan.

What is a tariff?

A tariff is a tax on imported goods.

What is the main reason for economic imperialism?

The main reason for economic imperialism is so that we could expand markets and get valuable raw materials.

What prompted the war between the US and Spain in 1898?

-The core elites of society (editorial writers, politicians, and business leaders) that dominated 19th century domestic politics influenced US foreign policy. And insisted nationalism required the US to match Europe’s imperial powers.

-Sensationalist newspaper coverage (yellow journalism) of Cuban struggle for independence and Elites called for greater US international assertiveness.

Role of the yellow press in pushing the US towards war?

The Yellow press fanned the flames by exploiting the Cuban crisis (US business invested 50 million into Cuba and imported 100 million worth of sugar, etc.) with newspapers that emphasized shocking and sensational news.

The Teller Amendment?

Congress came up with a resolution recognizing Cuba’s independence and authorized force to expel the Spanish. It declined any US interest in control in Cuba.

The Platt Amendment?

The US Army governed Cuba well, but violated the spirit of the Teller Amendment. Troops eventually withdrew, but under constrictions that restricted Cuban actions and sovereignty. Platt authorized US withdrawal only after Cuba agreed not to make any treaty with a foreign power. Cuba could not borrow beyond its means and the US also reserved the right to intervene Cuba when it saw fit and to maintain a naval base there.

According to McKinley why were Filipinos not ready for self-government?

To McKinley Filipinos were not ready to self-government because the Imperial powers would gobble them up, and because American rule would benefit “our little brown brothers”.

What was the objective of the "Open Door Policy" in relation to China?

The US objective of the “Open Door Policy” was to protect US commercial opportunities- foreign trade had increased a lot during the depression of 1893-1897. Textile producers wanted to sell massive sales to China’s 500 million people. China gave us more commercial opportunities because of how many people they had.

What did Sec. of State John Hay request in his "Open Door Notes"?

John Hay requested to have open ports and equal trading privileges in China. He requested these things to European powers who also had economic interests in China's ports.

How did the US acquire the Panama Canal zone?

The US organized a revolution where US warships went in both the Pacific and Atlantic in support of Panamanian independence. Panama gained independence and signed a treaty granting the US a 10-mile strip across Panama forever.

23. What were the major effects of imperialism on colonized nations?

The major effects of imperialism on colonized nations is that unity was divided and the US became more dependent on other countries compared to what we had in our homeland

24. What were the major consequences of the Scramble for Africa?

The major consequence was that African resources were exploited, and they lost the freedom of their own beliefs and culture. There was forced labor on Africa's resources and artificial boundaries that created divisions and conflicts.

25. What are the various definitions of imperialism?

-The policy of extending a country's power and influence through colonization, use of military force, or other means.

-The policy or practice by which a country increases its power by gaining control or influence over other areas of the world, often through colonization, military force, or economic dominance. It is driven by the desire for territorial expansion, access to resources, and the spread of cultural or ideological beliefs.

-The control over a weaker, less-advanced nation by a stronger, more advanced nation with the weaker nation having something the stronger nation wants.

-ECONOMIC: expanded markets, valuable raw materials for industry.

26. What was the US foreign policy in Latin America under Wilson's presidency?

Moral diplomacy was the US foreign policy under Wilson's presidency.

27. What was the Berlin Conference of 1884-1885 and what was its significance?

The Berlin Conference was a conference that set rules to divide Africa among European powers. Its significance was that it strongly affected the homeland people by altering their culture forever and dividing the people and disregarding their cultures. The meeting talked about creating artificial boundaries that completely disregarded preexisting cultures.

28. What is the concept of 'Dollar Diplomacy'?

The concept of the Dollar Diplomacy was to use loans and money to strengthen the American economy abroad instead of military intervention.

29. What was the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine?

It declared that the US has no territorial ambitions in Latin Am. But, chronic wrongdoing by any Latin AM. nation justified intervention by the US, thus acting as international policeman.

30. What role did technological advancements play in facilitating European imperialism?

-Technological advancements redrew the global map and power dynamics.

-European languages and institutions came about.

-Lasting economic ties between colonizers and colonies. set stage for 20th century independence movements.