Intro to Ana

ANATOMY

ANATOMY

– IS A BROAD TERM WHICH INDICATES THE STUDY OF THE BODY, EITHER HUMAN, ANIMAL AND PLANT.

HUMAN ANATOMY

– STUDY OF THE PARTS THAT MAKE UP THE HUMAN BODY, WITH SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON RELATIONSHIP.

GROSS ANATOMY

MACROSCOPIC

HISTOLOGY

MICROSCOPIC

EMBRYOLOGY

LIMITED TO THE CHANGES DURING INTRAUTERINE LIFE

REGIONAL OR TOPOGRAPHICAL ANATOMY

DISSECTION

SYSTEMATIC ANATOMY

ALL PARTS OF THE BODY , MADE UP OF SAME STRUCTURES AND OF RELATED FUNCTION ARE TAKEN INDIVIDUALLY AND AS A GROUP.

SYSTEM

A GROUP OF ORGANS SIMILAR IN ORIGIN AND STRUCTURE, UNITED TOGETHER IN THE PERFORMANCE OF A GIVEN FUNCTION.

ORGAN

A GROUP OF FUNDAMENTAL TISSUES BOUND TOGETHER IN THE PERFORMANCE OF GIVEN FUNCTION.

FUNDAMENTAL TISSUES

EPITHELIAL, CONNECTIVE TISSUES, MUSCULAR, NERVOUS AND VASCULAR.

SURFACE ANATOMY

DELINEATING ON THE EXTERNAL SURFACE OF THE BODY, THE RELATIVE POSITION OF ORGANS AND STRUCTURES FOUND INSIDE THE BODY.

RADIOGRAPHIC ANATOMY

STUDY OF NORMAL CONTOUR, LOCATION AND RELATION OF THE PARTS OF THE BODY PICTURED IN X-RAY PLATES.

APPLIED ANATOMY

APPLICATION OF THE KNOWLEDGE GAINED IN THE STUDY OF ANATOMY, TO THE ACTUAL PRACTICE OF MEDICINE.

BODY

ERECT IN STANDING POSITION, FEET AT THE SIDES

UPPER EXTREMITIES

AT THE SIDES OF THE BODY

PALM OF THE HAND

FACING FORWARD/ANTERIORLY

THUMB

DIRECTED AWAY FROM THE MEDIAN PLANED

PLANES

Used to define position of structures relative to each other in the body

MEDIAN SAGITTAL PLANE

THIS IS A VERTICAL PLANE PASSING THROUGH THE CENTER OF THE BODY, DIVIDING IT INTO EQUAL RIGHT AND LEFT HALVES.

CORONAL PLANES

THESE PLANES ARE IMAGINARY VERTICAL PLANES AT RIGHT ANGLES TO THE MEDIAN PLANE.

HORIZONTAL, OR TRANSVERSE, PLANES

THESE PLANES ARE AT RIGHT ANGLES TO BOTH THE MEDIAN AND THE CORONAL PLANES

MEDIAL

CLOSER TO THE MEDIAN PLANE

LATERAL

–FURTHER FROM THE MEDIAN PLANE

SUPERIOR( CRANIAL)

TOWARDS THE HEAD OR UPPER PART OF THE BODY

INFERIOR( CAUDAL)

TOWARDS THE LOWER PART OF THE BODY

ANTERIOR ( VENTRAL)

TOWARDS THE FRONT PART OF THE BODY

POSTERIOR( DORSAL)

TOWARDS THE BACK PART OF THE BODY.

INTERIOR

CLOSER TO THE CENTRAL AXIS OF THE BODY

EXTERNAL

-CLOSER TO THE SURFACE OF THE BODY

PROXIMAL

REFERRING TO THE PARTS OF THE LIMBS THAT ARE CLOSER TO THE TRUNK.

DISTAL

- REFERRING TO THE PARTS OF THE LIMBS FARTHER FROM THE TRUNK

MIDDLE (MEDIUS)

BETWEEN THE ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR; INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL

Skeletal, Articulatory, Muscular

LOCOMOTOR SYSTEM (3)

OSTEOLOGY

INCLUDES THE BONES AND ASSOCIATED CARTILAGES AND MEMBRANES.

ARTHROLOGY

INCLUDES JOINTS OR ARTICULATIONS AND ASSOCIATED LIGAMENTS

MYOLOGY

INCLUDES ALL SKELETAL MUSCLES AND ASSOCIATED FASCIAE, SYNOVIAL SHEATHS, TENDONS AND SYNOVIAL BURSAE.

AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

SYMPATHETIC AND PARASYMPATHETIC SYSTEMS

ORGANS OF SPECIAL SENSES

-HEARING, SIGHT, SMELL AND TASTE.

FLEXION

IS A MOVEMENT THAT TAKES PLACE IN A SAGITTAL PLANE. FOR EXAMPLE, FLEXION OF THE ELBOW JOINT APPROXIMATES THE ANTERIOR SURFACE OF THE FOREARM TO THE ANTERIOR SURFACE OF THE ARM. IT IS USUALLY AN ANTERIOR MOVEMENT, BUT IT IS OCCASIONALLY POSTERIOR, AS IN THE CASE OF THE KNEE JOINT

EXTENSION

MEANS STRAIGHTENING THE JOINT AND USUALLY TAKES PLACE IN A POSTERIOR DIRECTION.

LATERAL FLEXION

IS A MOVEMENT OF THE TRUNK IN THE CORONAL PLANE.

ABDUCTION

A MOVEMENT OF A LIMB AWAY FROM THE MIDLINE OF THE BODY IN THE CORONAL PLANE.

ADDUCTION

A MOVEMENT OF A LIMB TOWARD THE BODY IN THE CORONAL PLANE.

ROTATION

IS THE TERM APPLIED TO THE MOVEMENT OF A PART OF THE BODY AROUND ITS LONG AXIS.

MEDIAL ROTATION

IS THE MOVEMENT THAT RESULTS IN THE ANTERIOR SURFACE OF THE PART FACING MEDIALLY.

LATERAL ROTATION

IS THE MOVEMENT THAT RESULTS IN THE ANTERIOR SURFACE OF THE PART FACING LATERALLY

PRONATION OF THE FOREARM

IS A MEDIAL ROTATION OF THE FOREARM IN SUCH A MANNER THAT THE PALM OF THE HAND FACES POSTERIORLY.

SUPINATION OF THE FOREARM

IS A LATERAL ROTATION OF THE FOREARM FROM THE PRONATED POSITION SO THAT THE PALM OF THE HAND COMES TO FACE ANTERIORLY.

CIRCUMDUCTION

IS THE COMBINATION IN SEQUENCE OF THE MOVEMENTS OF FLEXION, EXTENSION, ABDUCTION, AND ADDUCTION.

PROTRACTION

IS TO MOVE FORWARD

RETRACTION

IS TO MOVE BACKWARD (USED TO DESCRIBE THE FORWARD AND BACKWARD MOVEMENT OF THE JAW AT THE TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINTS).

INVERSION

IS THE MOVEMENT OF THE FOOT SO THAT THE SOLE FACES IN A MEDIAL DIRECTION.

EVERSION

IS THE OPPOSITE MOVEMENT OF THE FOOT SO THAT THE SOLE FACES IN A LATERAL DIRECTION