DSs

Internetworking

Interconnected networks

The Internet

Network of networks

Advanced Research Project Agency (ARPANET) (1969)

The nuclear war myth that the internet was invented for nuclear war

TCP/IP

The two most important protocols in the protocol suite

IPv4 Addresses

Four fields separated by periods, each field ranging from 0–255

TCP

Controls the transmission of data

IP

Provides the address of the device for TCP to read and transmit it

Tim Berners-Lee

Invented the first browser (WorldWideWeb browser)

Mosaic (Marc Andreessen)

Created after the first browser

Browser

Allows users to navigate the web and access search engines and other resources

Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)

Standard markup language used to create and structure content on the World Wide Web

Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)

A protocol browsers implement to transfer messages from servers to computers

Uniform Resource Locator (URL)

Unique location

Domain Name Server (DNS)

Universal address translator so users don’t have to remember IP addresses

Search Engine

A large database

Cloud Workload Optimized

Get what you pay for/need

Cloud Computing

Computing services over networks

ASP to XaaS

ASP is a cloud computing service

Web Services and Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA)

Software objects that build scalable applications

Internet of Things (IoT)

Various devices beyond traditional computers connected to the internet

Cookies

Unexecutable text files deposited by servers to track users and maintain state

Spyware

Gathers user data through email, settings, and clickstreams and sends it to third parties with or without authorization

Phishing

Fraudulent messages designed to trick users into revealing sensitive information

Ransomware

Hijacks data or files for payment

Zero-Day Vulnerability

Newly discovered software weakness exploited before it is fixed

Multi-Factor Authentication

Uses knowledge (password, PIN), inherence (biometrics), and possession (fob, code, QR) factors

Public Key Infrastructure (PKI)

System for issuing public/private key pairs and digital certificates

Encryption

Process of converting readable data into unreadable characters to prevent unauthorized access

Symmetric vs Asymmetric Encryption

Symmetric uses the same key

Private vs Public Key

Public key is shared

Digital Signature

Data represented as bits and bytes encrypted with a private key

Blockchain

Distributed database that stores records in a way that is difficult to tamper with

Social Engineering

Manipulating users into revealing personal information by asking relevant questions