Quiz #7: Infertility, Maternal complications, Advanced Pelvic Pathology

Cytomegalovirus (CMV)

any group of herpes virus that enlarge epithelial cells and cause birth defects

diabetes mellitus

caused by insulin deficiency and characterized by polyuria

eclampsia

coma and seizures in second and third trimester following preeclampsia

epstein-barr virus

herpes virus that causes mono

essential hypertension

high blood pressure not caused by medical condition

germ line

cells that form gametes (ova and sperm)

gametogenesis

primordial germ cell - gametogonia - gametocytes - gametes

gestational diabetes

women w/o previously diagnosed diabetes exhibit high blood glucose levels during pregnancy

human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

the virus that causes AIDS

hyperparathyroidism

excessive PTH causing elevated calcium and low phosphorus

hyperthyroidism

graves disease

hypothyroidism

Hashimoto's disease

IUGR

fetal weight below 10th percentile for GA

Parovirus B19

fifth disease; erythema infectiosum spread via URT

phenylketonuria

accumulation of phenylalanine in body fluids causing mental deficiency

Pinocytosis

mechanism by which cells ingest extracellular fluid

Rh isoimmunization

when a pregnant women's blood protein is incompatible with fetuses blood protein

rubella

mild form of measles lasting 3-4 days

sickle cell anemia

anemia characterized by crescent shaped blood cells

systemic lupus erythematosus

inflammatory disease of CT

thalassemia

inherited form of anemia

thrombophilia

tendency to develop blood clots

TORCH

group of infections]

-toxoplasmosis

-rubella

-cytomegalovirus

-herpes

toxemia

HTN

edema

proteinuria

toxoplasmosis

parasitic infection transmitted to humans by undercooked meat or cat feces

varicella

chicken pox

zika virus

mosquito born single-stranded RNA virus related to dengue virus

what is the most common maternal disorder?

diabetes mellitus

what are the different types of diabetes mellitus?

type 1

type 2

gestational

list some anomalies associated with diabetes mellitus:

VSD

ASD

duodenal atresia

hydro

anencephaly

single umbilical artery

sono signs of TORCH

hepatosplenomegaly

microcephaly

intracranial calcs

ascites

IUGR

________________ injection prevents Rh isoimmunization

RhoGAM

fetal hydrops of head

intracranial mass

congestive heart failure

microcephaly

fetal hydrops of neck

cystic neck mass

fetal hydrops of thorax

poorly contracting heart

pericardial effusion

asystole

chest mass

fetal hydrops of retroperitoneum

mass

hydro

fetal hydrops of extremities

short arms/legs

contractures

fractures

fetal hydrops of placenta

thick placenta

fetal hydrops of amniotic cavity

size

amniotic mem anomalies

UC anomalies

pregnancy induced HTN resolves

upon parturition

pregnancy induced HTN is associated with

HELLP syndrome

HELLP syndrome

hemolysis

elevated liver enzymes

low platelet count

eclampsia includes:

preeclampsia

convulsions

coma

sono signs of preeclampsia

IUGR

oligo

placental infarcts

placental abruption

decreased placental volume

fetal demise

what is the most common germ cell tumor

mature teratoma

list some germ cell ovarian tumors:

dysgerminoma

teratoma

yolk sac

choriocarcinoma

embryonal carcinomas

benign cystic teratomas contain:

ectoderm

mesoderm

endoderm

benign cystic teratomas can be bilateral

true

benign cystic teratomas can cause infertility

true

tip of the iceberg appearance

fat/fluid level in dermoid

malignant dysgerminomas are most common in women ______ years old

20-30

malignant dysgerminomas are often identified during

pregnancy

sono findings of malignant dysgerminomas

solid

smooth/lobulated borders

increased abd girth

heterogenous

Epithelial ovarian neoplasms are the most common ovarian tumor is women over _____

50

list some epithelial ovarian neoplasms:

serous/mucinous cystadenoma

cystadenocarcinoma

endometrioid tumor / chocolate cyst

what is the most common epithelial ovarian neoplasm?

serous cystadenoma

serous cystadenomas occur frequently in women ___________

40-60

sono findings of serous cystadenoma

simple

thin septations/papillary projection

serous cystadenocarcinoma is bilateral

true

lab values of serous cystadenocarcinoma

elevated CA-125

sono findings of mucinous cystadenoma

multiloculated

low level echoes

Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma

thick mucinous material inside

thick internal septations

pseudomyxoma peritonei if rupture occurs

endometrioid tumors are associated with:

adenocarcinoma

endometriosis

what is the second most common malignant epithelial tumor

endometroid

endometrioid tumors

cystic with solid areas

bilateral

brenner tumor

dense fibrous benign tumor associated with teratomas and meigs syndrome

sono findings if brenner tumor

list some sexcord stromal tumors:

granulosa cell

sertoli-leydig

thecoma

granulosa cell tumors secrete ______________-

estrogen

sertoli-leydig tumor secretes _____________________

testosterone and estrogen sometimes

fibromas are NOT hormonally active

true

thecoma secretes ______________________

estrogen

asherman syndrome

caused by intrauterine adhesions

Antral Follicle Count (AFC)

The number of follicles measuring 2 to 10 mm early in the ovarian cycle.

why is an AFC performed?

helps assess a woman's potential for success with fertility treatments

ARTS

treatment and lab procedures to establish pregnancy

blastocyst transfer

transfer embryo 3 days after egg retrieval, 4-5 days after fertilization

cleavage stage transfer

transfer of embryo 3 days after egg retrieval, 2 days after fertilization

clomiphene citrate

fertility medication used for controlled ov hyperstimulation

controlled ovarian hyperstimulation

promotes development of follicles

cryopreservation

estradiol

hormone produced by ovarian follicles

fecundity

fertility

fertile window

4-5 day interval between ending the day after ovulation

follicular phase

first part of ov cycle-- high FSH for ovarian follicle maturation

GIFT

gamete intrafallopian transfer

hCG

hormone produced by trophoblastic cells of placenta

IVF

ova and sperm mixed in petri dish and implanted into body

infertility

failure to achieve pregnancy after 12 months or more of trying

intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)

injection of single sperm into ovum

Intrauterine Insemination (IUI)

procedure of injecting sperm directly into the uterus

letrozole

fertility medication for hyperstimulation of follicles

luteal phase

second half of ov cycle-- corpus luteum secretes progesterone

menstrual phase

first 5 days of menstrual cycle

ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome

a syndrome resulting from hyperstimulation of the ovaries by fertility drugs; results in the development of multiple, enlarged follicular ovarian cysts

ovarian reserve

remaining viable eggs

ovulation induction

induces development of follicles

periovulatory period

time around the middle of the menstrual cycle of maximum fertility and high estrogen levels

proliferative phase

The second phase of the uterine cycle-- endo rebuilds

secretory phase

The third phase of the uterine cycle, progesterone makes endo thickest