Carbohydrates - Retrieval Questions 3

What chemical elements do carbohydrates contain?

Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen

What does a bundle of cellulose chains form?

Microfibrils

What are the functions of lactose?

To be the sugar in milk.
To be a respiratory substrate.

Where is cellulose found?

Cell Walls

How do hydrogen bonds form in chitin?

Chitin has long straight chains that run parallel to each other, with hydrogen bonds that form crosslinks between the chains.

What forms when the glycosidic bonds in polysaccharides are hydrolysed

Monosaccharides and disaccharides

Describe the digestion of amylose.

Has slow digestion as the glucose can only be hydrolysed one at a time due to the open ends of the chain.

What are carbohydrates?

They are organic molecules.

What is the function of galactose?

It bonds with glucose for the disaccharide lactose.

What are polysaccharides?

They are carbohydrate polymers made up of many monosaccharides.

Why is it good that glucose is soluble?

They can be easily transported around an organism.

What is the differences between trioses, pentoses, and hexoses?

The number of carbons

Why is glycogen branched?

So that many ends can be hydrolysed at the same time.
This allows more glucose to be released for respiration.

what are glycosidic bonds?

A covalent bond that is formed between two monosaccharides by a condensation reaction

How are disaccharides formed?

By joining two monosaccharides together in a condensation reaction.

How do macrofibrils extra provide strength to plant cell walls?

Because the wrapping of the strong cellulose fibres provides extra strength.

Why does hydrogen bonding form in cellulose?

Cellulose chains are straight and run parallel to each other.
This causes hydroxyl groups to be next to each other.
This then forms hydrogen bonding.
This results in cross linking between cellulose chains.

What is the function of sucrose?

To transport sugars in plants.
Respiratory substrate.

Is glycogen more branched than amylopectin?

Yes

Name three polysaccharides?

Glycogen
Starch
Cellulose