Chapter 22: Life in the Emerging Urban Society

These flashcards cover key vocabulary and concepts from Chapter 22, focusing on urban society, health advances, and socio-economic changes in 19th-century Europe.

Urbanization

The process through which populations move from rural areas to cities, resulting in the growth of urban centers.

Industrial Revolution

A period of significant industrial growth and technological advancement during the late 18th and early 19th centuries that transformed economies and societies.

Public Health Movement

A social movement focused on improving health standards and conditions in urban environments, often led by government and reformers.

Germ Theory

The theory that specific diseases are caused by specific microorganisms, leading to advancements in hygiene and medicine.

Cholera Epidemic

A deadly outbreak of cholera that occurred in the mid-19th century, resulting in increased public health awareness and laws in Britain.

Bacteriology

The study of bacteria, which emerged as a key field in medicine during the 19th century, helping to understand disease transmission and prevention.

Realism

An artistic and literary movement that sought to depict everyday life and society as it truly was, often focusing on the struggles of the lower classes.

Pasteurization

A process developed by Louis Pasteur to kill harmful bacteria in food and drinks through heat treatment, significantly improving public health.

Sanitation Systems

Infrastructure and services designed to manage waste and maintain clean living conditions, crucial for public health in urban areas.

Zoning Expropriation Laws

Regulations that allow a majority of landowners in a certain area to impose improvements on the minority, facilitating urban development and planning.