Wildlife Plant ID final

from a classmates study guide

Habitat definition

Area that provides food, water, cover, and space for an animal to survive and reproduce

Edaphic factors

Soil-related factors such as moisture, pH, fertility, and texture

Fitness definition

Survival and reproduction

Realized niche determined by

Competition and predation

Carrying capacity (K)

Maximum number of individuals the habitat can support indefinitely

Population dynamics processes

Settlement, reproduction, dispersal, competition, survival

C-selection stands for

Competitor

C-selection environment

Low disturbance, low stress, resource-rich

S-selection stands for

Stress-tolerator

S-selection environment

Low disturbance, high stress, harsh environments

R-selection stands for

Ruderal

R-selection environment

High disturbance, low stress

Monocot veination

Parallel

Dicot veination

Reticulate (netted)

Poaceae traits

Round jointed stems, closed sheaths, alternate leaves

Poaceae floret wrapping

Bracts (lemma & palea)

Sedges saying

Sedges have edges

Sedge traits

Triangular stems, closed sheaths

Rushes saying

Rounds are rushes

Rush traits

Round stems, six tepals

Forbs definition

Herbaceous, non-woody plants with high turgor pressure

Legume growth forms

Forbs, shrubs, vines, or trees

Glyphosate MOA

Group 9 EPSPS inhibitor; non-selective

Imazapyr MOA

Group 2 ALS inhibitor; hardwood/brush selective

Triclopyr MOA

Synthetic auxin; broadleaf/woody selective

Pittman-Robertson Act

Funds game species via tax on guns and ammunition

Dingell-Johnson Act

Funds sportfish restoration through fishing equipment tax

RAWA purpose

Would fund state nongame conservation programs

Region-scale community driver

Climate and large-scale geology

Patch-scale driver

Seed dispersal and herbivory

Fire general effect

Removes fire-sensitive woody plants and promotes herbaceous growth

Growing-season burn effect

Targets actively growing woody/cool-season plants and enhances NWSG

Dormant-season burn effect

Promotes woody resprouting

Grazing effect

Causes energy allocation trade-offs and opens colonization windows

Trampling effect

Causes plant damage and soil compaction

Seed consumption effect

Can destroy seeds or disperse them via feces

Optimal foraging theory

Maximize net energy while minimizing search and handling time

Satiety hypothesis

Food preference shifts with nutrient-, toxin-, and plant-specific satiety

Constitutive defense

Always present; high energy cost

Induced defense

Activated after attack; low cost but early vulnerability

Compensatory mortality

Hunting replaces natural mortality

Additive mortality

Hunting adds new mortality and reduces population size

Why manage below K

Higher population growth and lower habitat damage; maximizes MSY

Passerines

Songbirds (perching birds)

Accipiters

Forest hawks with short, rounded wings

Herpetofauna

Amphibians and reptiles

CSR strategy for disturbed nutrient-poor site

R-selection

Habitat vs carrying capacity

Habitat is the place; K is how many it can support

Burn timing for maximizing NWSG flowering

Growing-season burn

Herbicide targeting EPSPS

Glyphosate

Habitat components

Food, water, cover, space

Maximum sustained yield occurs at

K/2

S-selection invests in

Longevity and defense compounds

Satiety basis

Nutrient- or toxin-specific satiety

OFT depends on

Minimizing handling/search time and maximizing net energy

Pittman-Robertson funds

Game species restoration

Forest hawks group

Accipiters

Desert low-nutrient low-disturbance plant

S-selection

Herbivory mechanisms

Consumption, trampling, seed predation/dispersal

Growing-season burn benefit to NWSG

Stresses woody/cool-season competitors

Sedge ID traits

Triangular stems and closed sheaths

ALS inhibitor control

Broadleaf selective

Additive mortality desired when

Populations are above K

Nongame funding challenge

States rely on consumptive-use taxes

Induced defense trade-off

Early tissue vulnerability

Population dynamics defined by

Births, deaths, immigration, emigration

Fire removes

Fire-sensitive woody plants