TLE 10 Introduction to Electricity

Electricity

refers to the flow of electrical power or charge

Circuit

the path where electric current flows on

Closed Circuit

a complete circuit in which electric current flows, "on"

Open Circuit

no current flows, the path is incomplete, "off"

Complete Circuit

- Wire
- Control
- Voltage
- Resistance/Load

Types of Electricity

- Dynamic Electricity
- Static Electricity

Dynamic Electricity

A set of physical phenomena associated with presence and motion of matter.
- All phenomena are related to electrical charges in motion.
- It requires electrical material to make electrons move in a circuit

Two Types of Dynamic Electricity

- Direct Current (DC)
- Alternating Current (AC)

Direct Current

- The electrons always flow in one direction at any time.
- The voltage is always constant in this current.
- Dry cells/Batteries are the source of energy in this current.
- Flashlights, Phones, Laptops, Remote, Clocks are examples of this current.

The other term for potential difference

Voltage

Alternating Current

- The flow of this current moves back and forth with the changing magnetic field.
- This is the type of electricity from wall sockets in your home.
- E.g. air conditioner, motor

Frequency

refers to the changes of direction in one second

Static Electricity

- This type of electricity is build-up of electric charge on an object.
- It is a charge that does not move or flow.
- This energy produces through friction

Electric Charge

It is referred to as the basic property of protons and electrons

Protons and Electrons

It has a property of electric charge

Electric Discharge

The loss of static electricity as electric charges move in an object.

Positively charged

It is the term when an object loses electrons

Negatively charged

It is the term when an object gains electrons

Primary source of our energy today

generator or dynamo

Secondary Energy Source

Produced by converting primary sources of energy such as coal, natural gas, nuclear energy, solar energy, and wind energy, into electrical power.

Dry cell and Battery

are made up of chemicals that could produce electricity.

Electrode

a conductor through which electricity enters or leaves an object, or substance.

Electrolyte

a liquid or gel which contains ions and can be decomposed by electrolysis, e.g. that present in a battery.

Photo voltaic cell

device that converts sunlight into electricity

Piezoelectric Effect

electricity generated by applying pressure

Generator

a device that uses electromagnetic induction to convert kinetic energy into electrical energy

thermocouple

a device that indicates and control the heat of electric oven and furnace

potential difference

will develop if two metals were twisted and heated

Electromagnetic waves

created as a result of vibrations between an electric field and magnetic field

Electromagnetic Field

a classical field produced by moving electric charges

Electrodynamics

study of phenomena associated with charged bodies in motion and varying electric and magnetic fields

Electromagnetism

a term where the electromagnetic force is carried by electromagnetic fields composed of electric fields and magnetic fields

Magnetic Force

a term where it acts between two magnetic objects

Electrical Safety Tips

- Take care of yourself
- Lighten your load
- Change your body posture
- Choose the right tools
- Observe exceptional housekeeping