Environmental Science: Biodiversity

Flashcards for studying key concepts related to biodiversity and its importance in ecosystems.

Biodiversity

The variety of life on Earth or in an ecosystem.

Genetic diversity

Variety of genes within a species; greater genetic diversity increases population resilience to environmental changes.

Species diversity

Variety of species in a specific area.

Ecosystem diversity

Variety of ecosystems in a specific area.

Species

A group of organisms with similar DNA that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring.

Speciation

The formation of new and distinct species in the course of evolution, which increases biodiversity.

Geographic isolation

A barrier that splits a population into smaller isolated groups, leading to evolutionary changes over time.

Extinction

The complete disappearance of a species from Earth, which decreases biodiversity.

Endangered species

Species at high risk of extinction.

Threatened species

Species likely to become endangered soon.

Extirpation

When a species disappears from a specific area but exists elsewhere.

Invasive species

Non-native organisms that thrive in and harm ecosystems.

Pollution

Introduction of contaminants into the natural environment that causes adverse change.

Overexploitation

Using a species at a rate faster than it can replenish.

Climate change

Long-term changes in temperature and other atmospheric conditions, often attributed to human activities.

Conservation

Using natural resources sustainably.

Preservation

Protecting nature from human use.

Endangered Species Act

U.S. law enacted in 1973 to protect endangered and threatened species.

Ecotourism

Sustainable travel that supports conservation and local communities.

Biodiversity hotspots

Areas with many endemic species that are experiencing rapid biodiversity loss.

Wildlife corridors

Connect habitat fragments to allow safe wildlife movement.