apush unit 7 primary sources

What is the historical context of 19?

• during progressive era - wanted public health, social reform, and morality (think women suffrage)

• temperance movement

What is the historical context of 21?

• Italian immigrant and anarchist Vanzetti convicted in 1921s for robber and murder of 2 men in Massachusetts

• trial during time of anti-immigrant sentiment

• 1920s Red Scare

• case symbolic of injustice

What is the historical context of 22?

• 1925, during the roaring 20s

• rapid social change; rise of KKK, nativism revival, Prohibition battle

• letter written in TN

• during Scopes “Monkey” Trial

What is the historical context of 23?

• 1925

• Scopes Trial

• debates over modernism vs traditionalism, racial and cultural divides, rise of KKK (and other nativist movements)

• still recovering from WW1, major changes in society

What is the historical context of 24?

• 1925

• Scopes Trial

• KKK, Flapper movement, prohibition, changing roles for women

• societal tensions between urban and rural, progressive and conservative, ideals

What is the historical context of 25?

• Scopes Trial 1925

What is the historical context of 26?

• 1933, during Great Depression

• FDR New Deal, fireside chats

• Bank Holiday 1933

• Emergency Banking Act

What is the historical context of 27?

• Progressive era

• Dawes Act 1887

• rise of movements advocating for Native American civil rights and equality

What is the historical context of 28?

• 1936, during Great Depression

• FDR second term, New Deal programs

• Eleanor involved in social reform and championed rights of the poor and marginalized - advocated for the less fortunate

What is the historical context of 20?

• 1921, during nativism (anti-immigrant)

• economic challenges after WW1

• Immigration Act of 1921 (Emergency Quota Act) - limit immigration particularly from Southern and Eastern Europeans

• “undesirable immigrants”

Who is the intended audience of 19?

• public health professionals, social reformers, policymakers

• religious groups/temperance activists

Who is the intended audience of 20?

• members of Congress and American public

• people concerned with economic stability, national security, and cultural preservation

Who is the intended audience of 21?

• judge, jury, general public

• future generations as a warning about justice

Who is the intended audience of 22?

• general public reading Nashville Tennessean newspaper

• fellow women

Who is the intended audience of 23?

• judge, jury, general public

• legal professional/larger national audience

Who is the intended audience of 24?

• readers of the publication that featured the article (religious congregations and general public)

• rallying conservative Christians or appealing to traditionalists

Who is the intended audience of 25?

• general public, readers of NYT who are interested in social and cultural dynamics of trial

• urban, educated people with more modern ideals

Who is the intended audience of 26?

• public, specifically everyday citizens struggling with effects of Great Depression

• people who lost faith in economy, businesses, and banking institutions

Who is the intended audience of 27?

• white Americans, with power or influence

• national audience/general public

• Native American activists

Who is the intended audience of 28?

• Eleanor Roosevelt

• reaches beyond Eleanor to the general public, shedding light on struggles faced by many children and their families at the time

What is the POV of the author in 19?

• medical or reformist

• bias against alcohol

• influenced by temperance movement’s moral and social concerns

What is the POV of the author in 20?

• nativist, anti-immigrant

• sees immigrants as undesirable or unfit for American ideals

What is the POV of the author in 21?

• defiance against injustice he suffered due to his political beliefs and immigrant status

• pride in his ideals and personal integrity

What is the POV of the author in 22?

• reflected concerns of women and citizens in the South during the 1920s

• progressive (supporting women’s rights) and conservative (defending traditional values, opposing Prohibition, resisting racial integration)

• traditional vs modern

What is the POV of the author in 23?

• defending intellectual freedom and modernist viewpoints

• possibly argued against religious doctrines on public education (in connection to Scopes Trial)

• addressing societal tensions between rural (conservative), and urban (progressive) that were central to debates in the 1920s

What is the POV of the author in 24?

• fundamentalist Christian, rejected modern ideals

• advocating for literal interpretation of Bible

• scientific and secular views of society were threats

What is the POV of the author in 25?

• urban, educated

• views people of Dayton, TN as “cranks and freaks”

• mocking/critical of people who are using the trial to preach strange ideologies

What is the POV of the author in 26?

• calm leadership and reassurance

• confidence in his policies

• belief in the collective power of American people to overcome adversity

• emphasize transparency and open communication

What is the POV of the author in 27?

• reform-minded of sympathetic observer concerned about treatment of Natives

• advocating for social justice and equal rights (if progressive or activist background)

• necessity of assimilation or integration into mainstream American practices (if traditionalist background)

What is the POV of the author in 28?

• perspective of a young girl seeking help out of necessity

• polite, respectful

• reveals vulnerability and distress over inability to attend school

• understanding that her situation is dire

• anxious about her privacy, she does not want her name to be publicized

What is the purpose of 19?

• inform and persuade audience against the use of alcohol, it is the leading cause of disease and social degeneracy

• push for prohibition

What is the purpose of 20?

• debate and justify legislation that would limit immigration to protect Americans

• pass Immigration Act of 1921

• fear of foreigners, desire to maintain “homogenous” identity

What is the purpose of 21?

• assert his innocence, defend his character, appeal to court and public for fairness

• draw attention to the bias of the trial

What is the purpose of 22?

• communicate her opinion on an issue at the time

• raise awareness about a problem she saw in her community/to influence others’ opinions

What is the purpose of 23?

• defend client (or himself) arguing for fairness of trial/legitimacy of defense

• challenge prevailing societal attitudes or laws he felt were unjust

• promote intellectual freedom in schools

What is the purpose of 24?

• defend and promote religious fundamentalism

• addressing perceived threat of modernism

• galvanize religious community to respond to secularism

What is the purpose of 25?

• capture chaotic and surreal atmosphere surrounding the Scopes Trial

• highlight broader social and cultural contrasts exposed by the trial

• entertain readers by showcasing oddities of the trial’s peripheral characters

What is the purpose of 26?

• explain FDR’s actions towards the banking crisis, reassure public of stability of the financial system, encourage them to trust in recovery efforts

• simplify complex policy changes

• bolster public morale, create a sense of unity

What is the purpose of 27?

• examine state of Native American life, explore policies and challenges shaping their future

• raise awareness of ongoing struggle in Native communities, like loss of land, autonomy, and cultural practices

• advocating for greater rights, better treatment

What is the purpose of 28?

• ask Eleanor for used clothes; dresses, slips, coats because the author cannot afford it due to her family’s struggles

• illustrates the desperation and shame felt by many young people during the Depression

What is the outside information for 19?

• temperance movement

• progressive reforms

• scientific advances

What is the outside information for 20?

• 1920s immigration debate

• Red Scare

• nativism

• Eugenic’s movement (promotion of racial purity)

What is the outside information for 21?

• Red Scare

• Sacco and Vanzetti Case 1921 + public reaction to case

• role of immigrants and anarchists in American society

What is the outside information for 22?

• 19th amendment

• prohibition 1920-1933

• KKK resurgence in 1920s

• Scopes Trial 1925

What is the outside information for 23?

• Scopes Trial 1925

• rise of fundamentalism (opposed teaching of evolution and promoted a literal interpretation of Bible)

• Red Scare and anti-modernism

• role of courts in social change

What is the outside information for 24?

• Scopes Trial

• religious fundamentalism

• Red Scare and anti-modernism

• prohibition

What is the outside information for 25?

• Scopes Trial 1925

• cultural tensions

• media and public spectacle

• William Jennings Bryan, fundamentalist Christian, and Clarence Darrow, defense attorney advocating for Scope’s right to teach

What is the outside information for 26?

• New Deal, example Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)

• Public Works Administration (PWA) and Works Progress Administration (WPA) - provided jobs, infrastructure, and relief for those suffering effects of Depression

• Emergency Banking Act, Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)

• role of radio in communication

What is the outside information for 27?

• Dawes Act 1887 - aimed to assimilate Native Americans into society by dividing tribal lands into individual plots

• Indian Reorganization Act 1934

• cultural and land loss

• Native American activism - Gertrude Bonnin and others speak out

What is the outside information for 28?

• Great Depression

• Eleanor Roosevelt’s advocacy

• New Deal programs

• public awareness and the media