Afghanistan: The Effects of Soviet and American Influence

Flashcards covering the history of Afghanistan and the impact of Soviet and American involvement.

Afghanistan

Became an independent monarchy after the Third Anglo-Afghan War of 1919.

Modernization Attempts

Kings attempted to modernize Afghanistan's society, economy, and military, facing resistance from conservatives and Muslims.

Constitutional Monarchy

In 1964, Afghanistan became a constitutional monarchy, remaining heavily dependent on the Soviet Union.

Soviet-Afghan War

A nine-year proxy war during the Cold War involving the Soviet Union supporting the government of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan against the Afghan Mujahedeen guerrilla movement.

Mujahedeen Support

Received unofficial military and/or financial support from the United States, Saudi Arabia, the United Kingdom, Pakistan, Israel, Indonesia, and China.

Afghan Government Support

Received aid from India during the Soviet-Afghan War.

Afghanistan's Political Shift

Became the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan in the late 1970s.

Soviet Intervention

The Soviets invaded in December 1979 to support the republican government against the Mujahedeen.

Mujahedeen

Nationalist freedom fighters from the mountainous areas of Afghanistan; maintained bases in Pakistan.

Mujahedeen Tactics

Received weapons from Pakistan and Iran and used guerrilla tactics against the Soviets.

Osama Bin Laden

CIA funded and trained Mujahideen.

Mujahedeen Weaknesses

Lacked organization, leadership, sanctuary, an organized army, and a central government in contrast to North Vietnam.

US and Allies' Support

Provided training, supplies, and weapons to the Mujahedeen rebels.