(26) Nitrates | Pharmacology Help for Nursing Students

Nitrates

Medications that act as vasodilators, commonly used to treat angina and acute coronary syndrome.

Nitroglycerin

A common nitrate medication, with trade names Nitrostat and Nitro-bid.

Isosorbide Mononitrate

A nitrate medication with the brand name Imdur.

Vasodilators

Medications that open blood vessels to increase blood flow.

Atherosclerosis

A condition characterized by fatty plaque buildup in blood vessels, leading to decreased blood flow.

Angina

Chest pain caused by reduced blood flow to the heart.

Acute Coronary Syndrome

A sudden blockage of blood flow to the heart that can lead to ischemia.

Side Effects of Nitrates

Common side effects include headache, hot flushed face, and hypotension.

Routes of Administration

Nitrates can be administered via intravenous (IV), sublingual tablets, buccal tablets, oral spray, nitro patch, topical ointment, and sustained release tablets.

Sublingual Tablets

meds placed under the tongue for rapid absorption.

Buccal Tablets

Tablets placed between the cheek and gums for absorption.

Contraindications

Nitrates should not be used with phosphodiesterase inhibitors (e.g., sildenafil) due to the risk of severe hypotension.

Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors

Medications for erectile dysfunction, often ending in "-afil," such as Viagra

Increased Intracranial Pressure

A condition that contraindicates the use of nitrates due to the risk of further elevation of _____ C_____ P_____