parathyroid and salivary

what are the 3 pairs of salivary glands

parotid, submandibular, sublingual

where is stensons duct

parotid gland

where is whartons duct

submandibular gland

where is bartholins duct

sublingual gland

which gland is Anterior to the ear and sternocleidomastoid muscle

parotid gland

which gland is Under the tongue

sublingual gland

which gland is Medial and oblique to mandible

submandibular gland

intraparotid node vs parotid mass

parotid nodes have hyperechoic hilum

which salivary gland is most affected by sialolithiasis?

submandibular

Which salivary gland is typically affected by acute suppurative sialadenitis?

parotid gland

most common sonographic appearance of acute inflammation of the salivary

glands?

enlarged and hypoechoic. increased blood flow

sialosis

non inflammatory, nonneoplastic, recurrent, painless

autoimmune disease that occurs in middle-aged females causing

chronic inflammation?

sjorgrens

salivary gland tumour pt present

painless mass

malignant neoplasm site

sublingual and submandibular

benign parotid neoplasm

pleomorphic adenoma

What is the name of the benign neoplasm that affects elderly men

warthins tumour

. What are the two most common types of malignancy affecting the salivary glands?

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma, and adenoid cystic carcinoma

most common malignant neoplasm of submandib gland

adenoid cystic carcinoma

most common feature of malignant neoplasm

Irregular shape and borders, blurred margins, hypoechoic, and heterogenous

malignant neoplasm

grow rapidly, may be tender or painful at palpation, may be fixed to the

background, and may cause facial nerve paresis or paralysis

many pairs of parathyroid glands are typically located in the neck

2

relationship of the parathyroid glands to the thyroid gland

posterior

size of parathyroid gland and echogenicity

1 × 3 × 5 mm and round and oval isoechoic to a thyroid gland

main physiologic function of the parathyroid glands? (

Production of PTH (endocrine regulator of calcium and phosphorous

“false positive” parathyroid examination

A false presence of a parathyroid adenoma or pathology. Can occur due to a structure

mimicking tissue that appears the same echotexture and echogenicity

3 structures that could create a “false positive” result during a parathyroid

ultrasound?

Longus colli muscle, minor bundles, esophagus

main cause primary hyperparathyroidism

adenoma

primary hyperparathyroidism, indicate whether the substances below are

increased or decreased - calcium and PTH

calcium = increased

PTH= increased

treatment for hyperparathyroidism?

parathyroidectomy

What inherited disorder is strongly linked to parathyroid hyperplasia

MEN 1 2 A

common locations for ectopic superior and inferior adenomas

parathyroid glands including low neck, mediastinum,

retrotracheal/retroesophageal, undescended / carotid sheath, and intrathyroidal

two causes of secondary hyperparathyroidism?

Chronic renal insufficiency and vitamin D deficiency

appearance of a parathyroid adenoma?

Hypoechoic, homogenous, oval solid

Doppler patterns might assist you in differentiating a parathyroid adenoma from

a lymph node?

enlarged glands will appear on doppler as a hypervascular pattern with prominent diastolic flow

or a peripheral vascular arc which differs from hyperplastic regional lymph nodes ( with a central

hilar flow pattern). Doppler can detect an enlarged extrathyroidal feeding artery supplying the

adenoma

appearance of a parathyroid carcinoma

Lobular contour more than 2cm in measurement, will have heterogenous internal architecture

and internal cystic components, similar to a large benign adenoma