Studied by 5 people
The scientific study of psychological disorders
Psychopathology
M.D. degree in medical school, residency training for 3-4 years
Psychiatrist education
* Investigate nature & causes of psychological disorders from biological POV
* Make diagnoses
* Offer treatments
What psychiatrists do
Ph.D degree, graduate-level study for 5 years
Clinical / counseling psychologists education
* Study & treat issues by relatively healthy people
* Research causes & treatment of psychological disorders
* Diagnose, assess, treat disorders
What counseling psychologists do
* Concentrate on more severe psychological disorders
* Research causes & treatment of psychological disorders
* Diagnose, assess, treat disorders
What clinical psychologists do
Master’s degree
Psychiatric social workers education
* Collect info relevant to social & family situation to indv w/ disorder
* Treat disorders, concentrate on family problems
What psychiatric social workers do
Why the person decided to come into the clinic
Presenting problem
How many people in the population have the disorder
Prevalence
How many new cases occur during a given period of time
Incidence
Tend to last a long time/lifetime
Chronic course
Recover, and suffer a recurrence at a later time
Episodic course
Begin suddenly
Acute onset
Develop gradually over an extended period
Insidious onset
Study of origins
Etiology
The anticipated course of the disorder
Prognosis
When confronted with unexplainable behavior, people perceived evil
Supernatural tradition
Toward the end of the 14th century and continuing into the 15th, what was the cause of “madness” attributed to?
Demons and witches
A religious ritual used to rid the victim of evil spirits
Exorcism
PDs could be treated like any other disease, are located in the brain, and can be influenced by genetics & stress
How Hippocrates viewed MI
PDs caused by excess humors in the brain
How Galen viewed MI
Carefully measured amount of blood removed via leeches
Bloodletting
What did Hippocrates and the Egyptians believe was the cause of “hysteria” in women?
Wandering uterus
The psychotic disorder general paresis was caused by the same bacterial microorganism that causes which disorder?
Syphilis
Treating institutionalized patients as normally as possible in a setting that encouraged & reinforced normal social interaction
Moral therapy
According to Sigmund Freud/psychoanalysis, what were the underlying causes of psychological disorders?
Id, Ego, Superego
What was Freud and Breuer’s second important discovery?
Psychosexual stages of development
The source of our strong sexual and aggressive feelings/energies
Id
The part of our mind that ensures we act logically and realistically
Ego
The voice that nags at us when we know we’re doing something wrong
Superego
A mixture of tactics similar to psychoanalysis but with a social and interpersonal focus
Psychodynamic psychology
How is psychodynamic psychology different from psychoanalytic psych?
Focuses on relieving suffering
The underlying assumption that all of us could reach our highest potential, in all areas of functioning
Self-actualization
The complete and almost unqualified acceptance of most of the client’s feelings & actions
Unconditional positive regard
Which theory is unconditional positive regard associated with?
Humanistic approach
Whose name is most commonly associated with classical conditioning?
Ivan Pavlov
Neutral stimulus is paired with response until it elicits that response
Classical conditioning
Individual gradually introduced to feared objects so that fear could decline
Systemic desensitization
Type of learning where behavior is affected by reinforcement / punishment
Operant conditioning
Note
Flashcard