HEALTH EDUCATION

drug abuse

A person who uses heavily and then can abruptly,stop is considered to be abusing drugs.

drug addiction

occurs when the body requires the drugs to stop withdrawal symptoms.

drug addiction

also called substance dependence or dependence syndrome, is a condition where a person feels a strong need to take a drug.

drug addiction also affect the

quality of life of whole family

Drug addiction adds significant costs to families in the form of

domestic violence, property crimes, child abuse and neglect, reduced productivity and even unemployment.

drugs

are materials that have a mental or physical effect when introduced to the body.

Unlawful drug use

is the use of illegal drugs like cannabis or cocaine and/ or the misuse (ie. not using as intended or directed) of legal drugs or substances, including over-the-counter and prescribed medications and inhalants like petrol or glue.

Cannabis (marijuana, grass, dope, pot, puff, weed)

is usually smoked with tobacco. It is available in the form of resin, dried and chopped leaves and - less commonly- oil.

effects of cannabis

The effects of the drug are varied and include euphoria, laughter, vivid sensations, imagery and hallucinations, persistent ideas and paranoia.

Cocaine (Charlie, coke, snow)

is most commonly found as a white crystal line powder, and is usually snorted but is occasionally made into a solution and injected.

effects of cocaine

The effects of cocaine are similar to amphetamines and crack in that they create physical and mental arousal.

• is almost immediate and then peaks and fades within 15 - 30 minutes. This often results in users repeating their use almost every 20 minutes or so in order to maintain the desired effect.

• snorting of cocaine can lead to mucosal constriction and eventually perforation of the nasal septum.

Ecstasy (xtc, Adam & Eve, doves, pills)

mainly comes in tablet form but can come in capsules or powder. The tablets can come in a number of different colors and often display a logo.

• it is usually swallowed but is sometimes snorted;

effects of using ecstasy

• its effects are experienced after 20 - 60 minutes and can last for 3-6 hours.

• Ecstasy acts on the central nervous system and increases brain activity.

• The pupils become dilated, the jaw tightens and there is often brief nausea, sweating, dry mouth and throat.

• The blood pressure and heart rate increases and sweating is common.

• report a mild euphoric and hallucinogenic effect, loss of anger, empathy with other people and an enhanced sense of communication.

• Ecstasy affects the body's temperature regulation, with excessive dancing this can lead to overheating and dehydration - and in some cases death.

Solvents

are rapidly absorbed through the lungs into the blood stream and quickly distributed to the brain and other organs. Within minutes users experience intoxication, with symptoms similar to those produced by drinking continuing alcohol. Intoxication lasts only a few minutes, so some users prolong the "high" by to inhale repeatedly.

effects of solvents

• after successive inhalations feel less inhibited and less in control.

• Hallucinations may occur and loss of consciousness. These cause the heart to beat rapidly and erratically resulting in cardiac arrest Long term users can suffer from weight loss, muscle weakness, disorientation, in-attentiveness, lack of coordination, irritability and depression. Regular abuse of them can result in serious harm to vital organs. Serious, but potentially reversible effects include liver and kidney damage. Harmful irreversible effects include: hearing loss, limb spasms, bone marrow and central nervous system (including brain) damage.

Crystal Methamphetamine (also known as Crystal meth or Shabu in Philippines)

• is a white crystalline drug (take by snorting or injecting).

• Shabu is commonly made from cheap medicines containing ephedrine.

• It is a drug that is used in all social classes, low to high.

signs of using shabu

• weight loss, heightened energy, excessive talking, and decreased fatigue.

• The user may be constantly thirsty, and drink fluids but still have dry lips.

• While high, the user may be awake for days at a time

what happens in tweaking stage

During this stage the Shabu user may become aggressive and even violent. They may become paranoid or confused and may sleep for a long period of time.

effects of shabu

• They may have rapid changes in their mood, disinterest in activities, hallucinations, paranoia, constant confusion, insomnia, violent thoughts, extreme weight loss, respiratory problems, inflammation of the lining in the heart, and it can be fatal.

alcoholism

is an illness characterized by the habitual intake of alcohol. It is the constant use of alcohol to the level that it interferes with physical or mental health, or with normal social or work behavior.

• a central nervous system depressant.

effects of alcohol

• speech becomes slurred

• having trouble walking

• very high concentration, a person can become comatose and die.

• Clumsiness Loss of balance or co-ordination, swaying or staggering

• Confusion, not hearing or responding to others

• Bumping into or knocking over furniture

• Dozing while sitting at a bar or table Spilling drinks

• Inappropriate sexual advances Aggression or arguing.

• Alcohol misuse and abuse can lead to violence and unplanned sexual behaviour.

• Excessive alcohol consumption can put you in danger of becoming seriously injured due to impaired coordination and reaction times.

Alcohol intoxication (or being drunk)

is when a person start to show disturbance in how he think, feel, and behave.

Binge drinking

is a pattern of drinking that brings blood alcohol concentration (BAC) levels to a higher level of intoxication. This typically occurs after 4 drinks for women and 5 drinks for men-in about 2 hours.

parents

this play an important role on their children's welfare.

two types of smokeless tobacco

chewing tobacco and snuff

dangers of tobacco

• Smoking is addictive. it has nicotine that is primarily responsible for a person's addiction to tobacco products, including cigarettes

• One cigarette reduces your life by 11 minutes. Smoking has been found to harm nearly every organ in the body and reduces a person's overall health.

• leading cause of cancer and death from cancer

• Smoking causes heart disease, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), emphysema, diabetes, osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, age-related macular degeneration and cataracts, and worsens asthma symptoms in adults.

• Smokers are at higher risk of developing pneumonia, tuberculosis, and other airway infections, and smoking weakens the immune system.

• A woman who smokes during or after pregnancy increases her infant's risk of death from Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS).

• Also pregnant smoker is at higher risk of miscarriage, having an ectopic pregnancy, having her baby born too early and with an abnormally low birth weight, and having her baby born with a cleft lip and/or cleft palate.

• Men who smoke are at greater risk of erectile dysfunction.

role of school in reducing youth smoking

• Prohibit cigarette use by students, staff and visitors on all school grounds and at all school

• Provide wide-ranging tobacco prevention education.

• Involve parents and families in school efforts to prevent smoking.

• Offer interactive tobacco-free projects for students.

When the cells have dropped to 200, a person with HIV is considered to have

stage 3 HIV

If HIV is not controlled the virus may cause an infection that can lead to a condition called

AIDS (Acquired Immuno-Deficiency Syndrome) also known as stage 3 HIVAIDS, which is the late stage HIV infection.

Opportunistic Infections

 related to the infections a person may develop as a result of having a damaged immune system.

how HIV spread

• The virus is transmitted from one person to another through the exchange of bodily fluids. HIV spreads when infected blood, semen ("cum"), vaginal fluids, pre- seminal fluids, rectal fluids, or even breast milk enter the body.

• Most commonly, HIV is transmitted through sex (anal and vaginal sex) without condoms or through sharing needles for injecting drugs or tattooing and by getting stuck with a needle with an infected person's blood on it.

According to Dr. Robin R. Miller

the best way to protect from HIV is to not have sex (vaginal, oral, or anal) and not share needles.

PREVENTION AND PROTECTION FROM HIV/AIDS

• Using a condom during sexual intercourse (including vaginal, oral, or anal sex);

• Practice monogamous relationship or sexual abstinence; and

• Getting tested for HIV and making sure all partners do too.

HIV usually causes flu-like symptoms about

two to four weeks after transmission.

test to do to know if hiv is present

• A blood or saliva test can detect those antibodies to determine if the virus is present. It can take several weeks after transmission for the HIV antibody test to come back positive.

• Another test looks forantigens, which are proteins produced by the virus, and antibodies. This test can detect HIV just days after infection. Both tests are accurate and easy to administer