Psychology Review - Learning and Memory

Flashcards based on key concepts from psychology review of learning and memory.

What is the definition of learning in psychology?

A relatively permanent change in behavior or knowledge from experience.

What are the key processes involved in classical conditioning?

Acquisition, Extinction, Spontaneous Recovery, Generalization, Discrimination.

What is the difference between Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS) and Conditioned Stimulus (CS)?

UCS naturally triggers a response (food), while CS is a previously neutral stimulus that now triggers a response (bell).

What are the two types of reinforcement in operant conditioning?

Positive reinforcement (add pleasant) and Negative reinforcement (remove unpleasant).

What are the four components of Observational Learning according to Bandura?

Attention, Retention, Reproduction, Motivation.

In the context of operant conditioning, what is positive punishment?

Adding an unpleasant stimulus to decrease behavior (e.g., extra chores).

What does latent learning refer to?

Learning that remains hidden until it is later demonstrated.

What are the three stages of memory?

Encoding, Storage, and Retrieval.

What is the difference between explicit and implicit memory?

Explicit memory involves facts and experiences (episodic, semantic), while implicit memory involves skills and conditioning effects (procedural).

What is interference in terms of forgetting?

A process that occurs when new information hinders the recall of previously learned information.