APAAS: 1.9-1.11

Where is the Kingdom of Kongo located?

West central Africa in modern day Angola

Who converted the Kongo to Christinaity?

King Nzing Nkuwu

Why did the Kongo convert?

To connect with larger trade networks, gaining access to Europe

When did the Kongo convert to Christianity?

1491

What did the Kongo do in 1549?

Built a large catholic cathedral

What happened in 1483?

Portuguese arrive in the Kongo, seeking new land and luxury goods

What motivated Portuguese to arrive in Kongo?

The 3 G’s: God,Gold,Gloru

When did Afonso take over the throne?

The early 1500s

When did Afonso’s son become a bishop?

In 1518, his name is Son Enrique/ Don Henrique

What was one of the largest slave trading hubs?

In the kingdom of kongo

What kind of slaves did the Kongo have?

Foreigners and POW

When did Portuguese arrive in modern-day Brazil?

1500 CE

When did Afonso 1 send his son and others to be preists in Europe?

1506-1543 CE

When was the first Bantu written book published?

1556 (published) snd (printed) in 1624

When did the Kongo emerge?

14 CE

What percentage of Africans transported to the U.S. originated from West Central Africa?

25%

What are day names?

In the kongo its common practice to name children based on the day their born

When did FESTAC begin?

1977

What did FESTAC mean?

Festival of African Americans Cultures held in Nigeria

What was the goal of FESTAC?

To revive and promote the Black and African culture/civilizations

What is a kinship?

A system of social organization based on real or putative family ties. They can be due to birth, marriage, or social and political connections

What are 2 types of kinships?

Lineal and Collateral

What is Lineal kinship?

A direct line is the relationship between persons one whom is a descendant of the other

What is Collateral Kinship?

Relationship between people who descend from a common ancestor but not a direct line (less exclusive)

When did Dahomey conquer Ouidan and Alldah?

In the 1720s

What was the religion in Dahomey culture?

Vodou

Where is the Kingdom of Benin located?

Modern-day Nigeria

When did Oba Esigie reign?

1504-1550 CR

When did Queen Idia serve?

Became a queen mother the 1st one in the late 15th CE

What did Queen Idia do?

Served as a political advisor to her son through the succession war, led armies into war, and had a higher postipn than her son

How was Queen Idia immortalized?

Through a pendent mask made of ivory

When did the Pedant Mask symbolize?

Benin’s history and art

What was Queen Idia’s leadership?

Strategic thinking, military strategy, diplomatic skills

What was Queen Idia’s diplomacy?

Helped maintain Benin’s position by having alliances with neighboring communities

What happened in 1977?

Queen Idia’s mask became a symbol of the FESTAC

What is the legacy of Queen Idia?

A symbol of Black women leadership throughout the diaspora

When did Queen Nzinga become queen?

In the 17th CE

What happened with Queen Nzinga in 1622?

Her brother sent her to negotiate a peace treaty with Portugal, and sat when talking Portuguese government on her servant’s back to show that they were on the same level

What happened with Queen Nzinga in 1624?

Won power struggle and became Queen of Ndongo

What happened with Queen Nzinga in 1626?

Portuguese tried to overthrow her, but retreated

How did she become queen of Matamba?

Conquered them

What happen to Queen Nzinga in 1657?

Regained control through negotiations with Portugal

What was Queen Nzinga’s lifespan?

1583-1663 CE

What happened with Queen Nzinga in 1663?

She died

What was Queen Nzinga’s military?

She engaged in 30 years of guerrilla warfare against the Portuguese to maintain control of her kingdom

When did Queen Nzinga participate in the slavetrade?

In ghe early 17th CE

Why did Queen Nzinga participate in the slave trade?

To amass wealth and political leadership

How did the slave trade expand Matamba’s military?

They offered safety to those who escaped Portuguese enslavement and joined their forces

What happened with Queen Nzinga in 1655?

Signed a peace treaty with Portugal where she declared that she was a devout Christian the whole time and that her embrace of other religions was strategic

What 2 kingdoms of Queen Nzinga ruler of?

Ndongo and Matamba

Where was Ndongo located?

Modern-day Angola

Who did Nzinga enslave?

Those who her armies conquered in wat

When did Queen Mother Idia rise to power?

Late 15th CE

Who was Queen Mother Idia of Benin?

In the late 15th CE she became the 1st queen mother of Benin, she served as a political advisor to her son Esigie after her husband died and their sons fought for succession. Led armies in battle, known for her strategic thinking, military strategy, and helped strengthen Benin’s position by forging alliances. Her legacy is shown in a pendant mask of her face that has become an iconic symbol for Benin’s history and art, and it also shows her legacy because it's an iconic symbol for Black women’s leadership. 

What is the Kingdom of Benin?

It’s located in modern-day Nigeria, flourished from the 13th to 19th centuries, was polycystic meaning that they believed in many different gods, and had kings known as obas. They are known for their distinctive artwork most notably the mask of Queen Idia, which is a pendant mask to commemorate their first queen mother’s leadership and legacy for Black Women’s leadership. Oba Esigie who was Queen Idia’s son ruled from 1504-1550 CE, who was a notable warrior and supporter of the arts.

Who was Queen Njinga of Ndongo-Matamba?

Was born in 1583, became queen in the 17th CE after winning a power struggle, was the queen of Ndongo in modern-day Angola and Matamba, was Christian, and engaged in a 30 year long guerilla warfare against the Portuguese to maintain control of her kingdom. Brutally strategic in her defense of her kingdom, and engaged in slave trade for wealth and political influence but provided safety for those who escaped portuguese enslavement. Died in 1663 and her legacy showed African Women’s strength that led to nearly 100 more years of women rulers in Matamba.

What is the Kingdom of Kongo?

Located in Modern-Day Angola in West-Central Africa, was one of the first African kingdoms to convert to Christianity due to the voluntary conversion of king Joao I, and existed from around 1390 to 1914. Their conversion to Christianity contributed to their wealth because it allowed them to interact with the larger trade networks of Europe and Portugal. Their connection with Portugal would force them to become one of the largest hubs for the trans-Atlantic slave trade, because Portugal’s king demanded for more slaves for military assistance. 

Who was King Nzinga a Nkuwu (João I)?

The king of the Kingdom of Kongo ruled from 1440 to 1509, and most importantly, in 1491 he voluntarily converted his empire to Christianity. He raised his son Afonso as a devout Christian, who continued in his footsteps to maintain Roman Catholicism through various means, like establishing Christian schools within their empire. Joao’s contributions to Christianity are what led to the Kongo’s wealth and involvement in the slave trade. 

When did muslim conquest spain?

700s and Africans/Muslims/Arabs in Spain and Portugal had present since then

When did Islam began spreading?

700 CR

What were the largest places in the 14 CE?

Portugal and Spain

What were European port cities?

Lisbon, Portugal (10% of pop. was African), and Seville

What was the purpose of European port cities?

To facilitate trade

Who were the Africans that went to Europe?

African elites and Ambassadors

When did European artists began to draw African beauty?

1500s

Where did Portuguese establish colonies in to establish cotton, indigo, and slave plantations?

Cabo Verde and Sao Tome

When did Portuguese colonize the Atlantic islands of Cabo Verde and Sao Tome?

Mid 15th Century

How many Africans were forced to work on Portuguese sugar planation islands?

50,000 Africans were enslaved and served then went to the U.S

What happened to Portugal in the 1460s?

They used islands to bypass West Africa for gold and trade

Where were most slaves transported?

Brazil and Caribbean

What was North America’s largest sugar refinery?

Domino Sugar Refinery

What are Matrilineal societies?

Tracing of your kinship, which are social relationships that connect people through blood, marriage, or social ties, through the female line, and it’s rarely found outside of Asia and Africa unlike patrilineal ones. It involves the inheritance of property, titles, and legacy by the women, and they have more control over resources and decision-making. But men still often hold political power, which makes them more dominant even in this society.

What are Patrilineal societies?

A kinship system that is traced from the male line, and it’s more commonly used worldwide in places like China, Japan, Europe, and the U.S. than matrilineal ones. Their social status, property, last name, and rights are dependent on the men, and they typically have more control over their family and community in this society. Unlike in matrilineal societies, men also hold leadership positions, which limits women's authority.