Medical Laboratory Science Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards based on lecture notes covering blood donation and hemoglobin determination.

"O" blood group

Blood group that contains no antigens, making it a universal donor.

High-titer saline agglutinins

Antibodies naturally occurring in the body

“O” blood group

A blood group donor can only be considered as a universal donor if the antibody titer is less than 50.

High titer

Titer is ≥50, hemolysis is observed in both tubes, use packed RBC only

Low titer

Titer <50, hemolysis is observed on the tubes containing undiluted serum/plasma, use whole blood

Whole blood

450-500 mL volume, 36-44% hematocrit, contains red cells and Plasma; Function increase oxygen carrying capacity and volume expansion.

Packed RBC

250-300 mL volume, ≤80% hematocrit, contains red cells only; Function increases oxygen carrying capacity only.

Blood donation

A voluntary humanitarian act where an individual donates their blood on their own volition and not induced by compensation.

Screening (Blood Donation)

Encompasses medical history, physical examination, and serologic testing.

Principle of blood donation

Will a donation of approximately 450 mL of whole blood at this time be harmful to the donor? Could blood drawn from this donor at this time potentially transmit a disease to the recipient?

Allogeneic donation

Donation from a genetically different individual of the same species.

Allogeneic donation

Blood is taken from an individual of the same species as the recipient.

Autologous donation

Blood given to the recipient came from themselves.

Types of Autologous donation

Preoperative collection, acute normovolemic hemodilution, intraoperative collection, postoperative collection

Apheresis Donation

Effective mechanism for collecting a specific blood component while returning the remaining whole blood components back to the patient.

Deferral: 2 days

Intake of aspirin

Deferral: 2 weeks

Vaccines for Measles, mumps, polio, typhoid, yellow fever

Deferral: 4 weeks

Vaccines for Rubella, Chicken pox

Deferral: 6 weeks

Pregnancy

Deferral: 8 weeks

Whole blood donation

Deferral: 12 months

Syphilis, gonorrhea, mucous membrane exposure to blood, needle-stick injuries, sexual contact with HIV/Hepatitis positive individuals, incarceration for >72 hrs, travel to areas where malaria is endemic, recently transfused with blood products

Deferral: 3 years

Resides in an area where Malaria is an endemic

Deferral: Permanent

Parenteral drug use, treatment with pituitary growth hormone of human origin, viral hepatitis after 11th birthday, confirmed positive HBsAg, Repeatedly reactive anti-HBc on >1 occasion, Repeatedly reactive HTLV on >1 occasion, present or past clinical or laboratory evidence of infection with HIV, HCV, HTLV

Donor Reactions: Mild

Syncope or fainting, nausea or vomiting, hyperventilation, twitching, and muscle spasm.

Donor Reactions: Moderate

Can include any of the reactions listed above in addition to loss of consciousness.

Donor Reactions: Severe

Convulsions, cerebral ischemia, marked hyperventilation, epilepsy

Principle of Copper Sulfate Method

When a drop of protein solution is immersed in a solution of copper sulfate, a sac of copper proteinate forms on the surface of the drop and prevents a change in its contents for twenty to thirty seconds.