Pharmacology 3

Pharmacology

Adverse effects of Fluticasone

Burning sensation in nose immediately after spraying and drying of nasal mucosa.

What is Fluticasone

Intranasal Corticosteroid

What is Theophylline

Bronchodilator to treat asthma and chronic bronchitis

Adverse effects of Theophylline

Tachycardia and cardiac stimulation

What are Antihestamines used for

treat allergic rhinitis and other minor allergies and relieve symptoms. There are two generations.

1st generation antihistamines

Benadryl (diphenhydramine)

• causes drowsiness/sedation

• dry mouth/nose/throat

• inc. fluid intake

• take before allergin exposure

2nd generation antihistamines

Allegra (Fexonfenacline) Claritin (Loratadine)

• pill form only

• take daily to prevent symptoms

• don’t cause drowsiness

• dry mouth/eyes

Why take caution with antihistamines for pts with asthma/COPD

Anticholinergic effects can trigger bronchospasm.

What medications are used in treatment of COPD

Bronchodilators and anti-inflammatory drugs that are used for asthma.

• Mucolytics

• expectorants

• long term oxygen therapy

• antibiotics.

what is Salmeterol

long acting beta agonist (LABA) bronchodilator

what is Salmeterol used for

long term control of asthma symptoms

• doesn’t terminate bronchospasms

• avoid caffeine

• assess apical pulse before adm.

• may cause nervousness/anxiety

What is candidiasis

Fungal infection caused by over growth of candida yeast

What medications contribute to candidiasis

antibiotics, inhaled corticosteroids, immunosuppressants

What is Beclomethasone

inhaled corticosteroid used to treat respiratory problems

What does Beclomethasone do

decreases secretion of inflammatory mediators, reduces tissue edema, and mild vasoconstriction.

• causes drowsiness, sedation, dizziness, dryness

• may trigger bronchospasms

• inc. fluid intake

• take before allergin exposure

What causes allergic rhinits

Exposure to pollen causes plasma cells to release antibodies and bind to mast cells, causing inflammation and the release of histamine, which cause allergy symptoms.

Classes of medications used for common cold

Antitussives

Opioids

Benzonatate

Antitussives

Depress the cough center in the brain

• Dextromethorphan

Opioids

raise cough threshold in the cough center, decreasing frequency and intensity of cough. Suppress cough reflex and provide analgesia

Decongestants

relieve nasal congestion caused by the common cold

activate the sympathetic nervous system

Benzonatate

local anesthetic-like effect on stretch receptors in lungs.

Numbs throat and lungs.

What do Expectorants do

Guaifenesin

Reduce thickness/viscosity of bronchial secretions. Stimulate mucus flow

Benzonatate precautions

Do not administer to pt w/ a productive cough

swallow whole

assess respiratory rate

risk for aspiration

What is Ipratropium inhaler

bronchodilator available as an inhaler.

Treats COPD/allergic rhinitis

DNU if allergy to peanuts/soy

What is a rescue inhaler

Short acting beta agonist (SABA)

used for acute asthma attacks/bronchospasm

opens airways w/n minutes lasts 2-6 hours

Rescue Inhaler teachings

Assess apical pulse before administration

Avoid caffeine

may cause drowsiness/anxiety

What is Montelukast

Leukotriene modifier used for prophylaxis of chronic asthma. Maintenance therapy, take daily in the evening.

• ineffective in relieving acute bronchospasm

Montelukast pt teachings

call doctor if skin or eyes turn yellow or if any mental/mood changes.

Overuse of nasal decongestive spray

Rebound congestion (rhinitis medicamentosa)

Nasal passage becomes more congested than before, potentially damaging nasal tissue.

What are oral corticosteroids used for

Prevention of acute bronchospasm in asthma

What is Fexofenadine

second generation antihistamine used to treat allergic rhinitis and other minor allergies.

Prevents occurrence of and relieves symptoms

Fexofenadine teachings

• pill form only

• take daily

• no drowsiness

• dry mouth & eyes