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what was the name of the first American penitentiary
walnut street jail, Philadelphia
what was the assumption and operation of walnut street jail
repentance and rehabilitation through solitary, silent reflection
what are the two main systems
Pennsylvania systems - separate confinement
new york system - congregate or auburn system
what was the elmira reformatory
new system that rewarded good behavior and punished bad behavior (NY)
what did the martinson report display
a negligible effect of treatment on recidivism
what is the quote
"the rehabilitative efforts that have been reported so far have had NO appreciable effect on recidivism"
america heard
nothing works
new policy after martinson report
abandon rehab to get tough on crime/criminals
how many people are under cjs supervision
6.6 million
how much has individuals in incarceration changed since 1980
increased by 260 percent
whats a big consequence to felon disenfranchisement
felon disenfranchisement (no vote)
most likely federal offense
drugs 46%
most likely state offense
violent 56%
how much does incarceration cost, how much has the cost increased since 1985
cost = 43 billion, increased 543% since 1985
Note 
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