Malignant Breast Disorders Lecture Review

Practice flashcards based on malignant breast disorders lecture notes.

What is the most common malignancy in women?

Breast cancer.

What percentage of all malignancies in women aged 20-59 years does breast cancer represent?

29%.

What is the average lifetime risk of breast cancer in women?

12.4%.

Which age group is at higher risk for breast cancer?

Women over 50.

What are some major risk factors for breast cancer?

Age > 50, female sex, family or personal history of breast cancer, previous breast biopsy showing atypia.

Name a hereditary breast cancer syndrome.

BRCA1/2, Li-Fraumeni syndrome, Peutz-Jegherz syndrome, Cowden syndrome, Hereditary diffuse gastric cancer.

List minor risk factors associated with breast cancer.

Early menarche, late menopause, use of hormonal contraceptives, hormone replacement therapy, nulliparity, age of first child > 30, obesity, radiation exposure, smoking, alcohol.

What is one protective factor against breast cancer?

Breastfeeding.

What is meant by asymptomatic presentation in breast cancer?

No symptoms present, usually detected through screening.

What imaging techniques are used for breast cancer screening?

Mammography, ultrasound (USS), MRI.

What is the Gail model used for?

To assess breast cancer risk based on non-genetic factors.

What does BI-RADS stand for in mammography reporting?

Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System.

What is Tis in clinical staging of breast cancer?

Carcinoma in situ.

What does N1 indicate in clinical staging?

Mobile discreet ipsilateral axillary lymph nodes.

How are nonpalpable lesions in breast cancer biopsied?

Image-guided FNA or CNB (stereotactic biopsy).

What characterizes invasive ductal carcinoma?

Adenocarcinoma with fibrosis, comprising 80% of cases.

What grading system is used for histologic grading of breast carcinoma?

Nottingham modification of the Scarff-Bloom-Richardson grading system.

What does ER+ mean in the context of hormone receptor status?

Estrogen receptor positive.

Which breast cancer subtype is known for being highly aggressive and associated with BRCA mutations?

Triple negative/Basal-like.

What are sentinel lymph nodes?

Lymph nodes that are the first to which cancer cells may spread from a tumor.

What is the procedure for sentinel lymph node biopsy?

A colored dye or radioactive tracer is injected to identify sentinel nodes for surgical removal.

What is the purpose of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in locally advanced breast cancer?

To shrink the tumor before surgery.

What is the primary treatment option for metastatic breast cancer?

Chemotherapy, endocrine therapy, targeted therapy, and palliative mastectomy.

Name a systemic therapy for breast cancer.

Chemotherapy (doxorubicin, paclitaxel), endocrine therapy (tamoxifen), HER2-targeted therapy (trastuzumab).

What should be considered when planning breast reconstruction?

Patient preference, obesity, smoking history, co-morbidities.

What is a TRAM flap in breast reconstruction?

Transverse Rectus Abdominis Muscle flap used for reconstruction.

What is phyllodes tumor?

A fibroepithelial lesion with benign epithelial + spindle cell stroma.

What is the treatment of choice for giant phyllodes tumors?

Wide local excision or simple mastectomy.

How does inflammatory breast cancer typically present?

Erythema and peau d’orange affecting ≥ 1/3 of the breast skin.

What is Paget's disease of the breast associated with?

Neoplastic cells in the epidermis of the nipple-areolar complex.

What is the typical age range for primary breast sarcoma development?

5th to 6th decade of life.

What are the pathologic characteristics of invasive lobular carcinoma?

Invasive breast cancer type accounting for 10% of cases.

What does the management of male breast cancer typically involve?

Modified radical mastectomy.

What is a common symptom of metastatic lung breast cancer?

Cough and shortness of breath.

What are the reported outcomes for breast cancer diagnosed during pregnancy?

Similar prognosis to non-pregnant women.

What should be avoided during the first trimester of pregnancy in breast cancer management?

Chemotherapy.

Why is mammography less sensitive during pregnancy?

Due to breast tissue changes during pregnancy and lactation.