Oxygenation

anoxia

too little oxygen reaches the tissues

cyanosis

blue or purple discoloration of skin due to lack of oxygen

diffusion

movement of gases from one area to another

dyspnea

difficult or labored breathing

hemoptysis

expectoration of blood from respiratory tract

hypoxia

oxygen deficiency in tissues

hypoxemia

deficient oxygenation of the blood

ischemia

lack of blood supply to area of the body due to arteria obstruction

perfusion

the flow of blood through arteries and capillaries delivering nutrients and oxygen to cells

retractions

intercostal muscles pull inward during inhalation

ventilation

circulation and gas exchange in the lungs

pulmonary vetilation

oxygen moving in and out of the lungs

alveolar ventilation

air and gas exchange in the alveoli

what is the scope of oxygenation?

a continuum of good oxygenation to no oxygenation

what is oxygenation?

providing cells with oxygen through ventilation, respiration and perfusion

What are assessment findings in a person with good oxygenation?

good oxygen saturation, bronchovesicular breath sounds, normal skin color

What are assessment findings in a person with poor oxygenation?

cyanosis, low oxygen saturation, abnormal breath sounds, retractions

What is a complication of poor oxygenation?

hypoxemia, altered LOC, impaired vital signs, low ABG, dyspnea, apnea

What are modifiable risk factors for oxygenation?

smoking, medication, weight, diet, exercise, anesthesia, head injury, stroke

What are non-modifiable risk factors for oxygenation?

age, race, genetics, air pollution, allergies

how is oxygenation different in children than adults?

children have small airways, transition from birth, decreased alveolar surface area, preferential nose breathers

Are there any gerontologic considerations?

stiff chest wall, less elastic recoil, weaker muscles, decreased alveolar surface area, decreased immune response

Primary prevention measures?

vaccines, healthy lifestyle, hand hygiene

Secondary measures?

chest x-ray, diagnostic tests to monitor, TB test

tertiary/ collaborative care examples?

supply oxygen, medications that help with oxygenation, raise head of bed

How do you determine what type of oxygen device to use?

determine based on oxygen saturation level

what oxygen device to use for oxygen saturation level of 85-90%?

nasal cannula

what oxygen device to use for oxygen saturation level of 80-85%?

venturi mask

what oxygen device to use for oxygen saturation level less than 80%?

non-rebreather

How much oxygen does a nasal cannula provide?

2-6L

how much oxygen does a venturi mask provide?

4-6L

How much oxygen does a non-rebreather provide?

10-15L

What are the priority nursing interventions for a patient with poor oxygenation?

raise head of bed, provide oxygen, administer medication, educate