Oxygenation

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33 Terms

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anoxia

too little oxygen reaches the tissues

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cyanosis

blue or purple discoloration of skin due to lack of oxygen

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diffusion

movement of gases from one area to another

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dyspnea

difficult or labored breathing

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hemoptysis

expectoration of blood from respiratory tract

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hypoxia

oxygen deficiency in tissues

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hypoxemia

deficient oxygenation of the blood

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ischemia

lack of blood supply to area of the body due to arteria obstruction

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perfusion

the flow of blood through arteries and capillaries delivering nutrients and oxygen to cells

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retractions

intercostal muscles pull inward during inhalation

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ventilation

circulation and gas exchange in the lungs

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pulmonary vetilation

oxygen moving in and out of the lungs

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alveolar ventilation

air and gas exchange in the alveoli

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what is the scope of oxygenation?

a continuum of good oxygenation to no oxygenation

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what is oxygenation?

providing cells with oxygen through ventilation, respiration and perfusion

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What are assessment findings in a person with good oxygenation?

good oxygen saturation, bronchovesicular breath sounds, normal skin color

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What are assessment findings in a person with poor oxygenation?

cyanosis, low oxygen saturation, abnormal breath sounds, retractions

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What is a complication of poor oxygenation?

hypoxemia, altered LOC, impaired vital signs, low ABG, dyspnea, apnea

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What are modifiable risk factors for oxygenation?

smoking, medication, weight, diet, exercise, anesthesia, head injury, stroke

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What are non-modifiable risk factors for oxygenation?

age, race, genetics, air pollution, allergies

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how is oxygenation different in children than adults?

children have small airways, transition from birth, decreased alveolar surface area, preferential nose breathers

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Are there any gerontologic considerations?

stiff chest wall, less elastic recoil, weaker muscles, decreased alveolar surface area, decreased immune response

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Primary prevention measures?

vaccines, healthy lifestyle, hand hygiene

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Secondary measures?

chest x-ray, diagnostic tests to monitor, TB test

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tertiary/ collaborative care examples?

supply oxygen, medications that help with oxygenation, raise head of bed

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How do you determine what type of oxygen device to use?

determine based on oxygen saturation level

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what oxygen device to use for oxygen saturation level of 85-90%?

nasal cannula

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what oxygen device to use for oxygen saturation level of 80-85%?

venturi mask

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what oxygen device to use for oxygen saturation level less than 80%?

non-rebreather

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How much oxygen does a nasal cannula provide?

2-6L

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how much oxygen does a venturi mask provide?

4-6L

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How much oxygen does a non-rebreather provide?

10-15L

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What are the priority nursing interventions for a patient with poor oxygenation?

raise head of bed, provide oxygen, administer medication, educate