APUSH Chapter 19

Interest Groups

A coalition of people identified with a particular cause, such as an industry or occupational group, a social group, or a policy objective.

1. Emergence of new concepts about the purposes and functions of government
2. Changes in government policies and institutions.
3. The political agitation that produced those changes

What were the three aspects of Progressivism?

Progressives

_ promoted a wide range of new government activities; regulation of businesses, moral revival, consumer protection, conservation of natural resources, educational improvement, and tax reform.

Progressive Party

formed in 1912 with Theodore Roosevelt as presidential candidate.

Settlement Houses

Community Center operated by resident social reformers in a poor urban neighborhood.

Social Gospel

A reform movement of the late 19th and early 20th century, led by Protestant clergy who drew attention to urban problems and advocated for the poor.

Feminism

Conviction that women are and should be the social, political, and economic equals of men.

Feminism

What accelerated the movement for suffrage to equality and individualism?

Margaret Sanger

Birth-control advocate who believed so strongly that info about birth control was essential to help women escape poverty that she violated laws against its dissemination.

Muller v. Oregon

SCOTUS case in 1908, upholding an Oregon law that limited the hours of employment for women.

Jeannette Rankin

Montana reformer, and in 1916, first woman elected to Congress; she worked for women suffrage and to protect women in the workplace.

National American Woman Suffrage Association

Organization formed in 1890 that united the two major women’s suffrage groups of that time.

Alcohol

Moral reformers, including many women, focused especially on banning .

Demon Rum

Nickname for alcohol that supporters of prohibition used.

Anti-Saloon League

Political interest group advocating prohibition, founded in 1895; it organized through churches.

Local Option Laws

A state law that permitted the residents of a town or city to decide, by an election, whether to ban liquor sales in their community.

W.E.B. Dubois

African American intellectual and civil rights leader, author of important works on black history and sociology, who helped form and lead the NAACP

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)

Racially integrated civil rights organization founded in 1910; continues to work t end discrimination.

Ida B. Wells

African American reformer and journalist, prominent opponent of lynching and advocate for racial justice and women suffrage.

Socialist Party of America

Political Party formed in 1901 and committed to socialism-that is government ownership of most industries.

Eugene V. Debs

Who was the most well known American socialist leader who united factions?

Industrial Workers of the World (IWW)

Radical workers’ organization formed in 1905 to unite all wage corners regardless of race, ethnicity, or gender, and committed to the destruction of capitalism.

-Sweatshop workers in the east

-Western migrant farm workers

-southern sharecroppers

-female workers

-African Americans

-immigrants

Who did the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) aim their message at?

Muckrakers

Progressive Era journalist who wrote articles exposing corruption in city governments, business, and industry. (Nicknamed by Teddy Roosevelt)

Upton Sinclair

Socialist writer and reformer whose novel The Jungle exposed unsanitary conditions in the meat packing industry and advocated socialism.

Socialist

Upton Sinclair intended for his novel, The Jungle, to be an indictment of industrial capitalism because he was an avid .

Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle

The passing of the Pure Food and Drug Act as well as the Meat Inspection Act were results of what?

Municipal Reform

Political activity intended to bring about changes in the structure or function of city government.

James Phelan

Early structural reformer of San Francisco

Commission System

System of city government in which executive and legislative powers are vested in a small elective board, each member of which supervises some aspect of city government.

City Manager Plan

System of city government in which the city council hires a city manager who exercises broad executive authority.

City Planning

Reformers also produced early efforts at _, which represents an important transition in thinking about government and the economy, for it emphasized expertise and presumed greater government control over the use of private property.

Robert M. La Follete

Progressive governor of Wisconsin; instituted direct primaries, tax reform, and anti corruption measures.

Direct Primary

Robert M. La Follete wanted to regulate railroad rates by replacing nominating conventions with the _.

Direct Primary

Election in which voters who identify with a specific party choose that party’s candidates to run later in the general election.

Wisconsin

Under La Follete, _ became knows as the “laboratory of democracy”

Wisconsin Idea

Program of reform sponsored by La Follete in Wisconsin that included direct primaries, regulated railroads, and increased taxes on corporations.