Pre-socratic Philosophers (+ Plato & Socrates

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• Thales: presocratic, explaining reality, made of water, first to take philosophical approach
• Anaximander: presocratic, reality was boundless
• Anaximenes: presocratic, air is the source of things, similar to Thales
• Empedocles: presocratic, matter was made up of the 4 elements
• Heraclitus: presocratic, reality is changing
• Democritus: western materialism, everything consists of atoms and empty space
• Pythagoras: influential math thinker, believed everything derived from numbers
• Xenophanes: presocratic, suggested one god who was not anthropomorphic, or a god who did not imitate human qualities.
• Parmenides: presocratic, change is an illusion, founded Eleatic school
• Zeno of Elea: presocratic with Parmenides, change is an illusion
• Gail Stenstad: feminist philosopher, anarchic thinking
• Victor Frankl: a Jewish philosopher who saw humans as ultimately free beings
• Mohandas Gandhi: jain philosopher, knowledge predates senses

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