BIO CH 7 Quiz

Cellular respiration creates

ATP

Cellular respiration creates ATP from

organic molecules, particularly glucose

Due to cellular respiration, glucose is oxidized to

CO2

In cellular respiration, O2 is reduced to

H20

When glucose is oxidized

energy is released

equation for cellular respiration

C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H20 + ATP

assist the process of cellular respiration

NAD+ and FAD

cellular respiration consists of a series of

reactions

cellular respiration consists of a series of reactions that capture the energy of oxidation and use it to produce

ATP molecules

cellular respiration consists of a series of reactions that capture the energy of ___ and use it to produce ATP molecules

oxidation

Glycolysis

breakdown of glucose into 2 molecules of pyruvate

During glycolysis, glucose is oxidized by the removal of

hydrogen ions and electrons

hydrogen ions

H+

electrons

e-

During Glycolysis: When NAD+ accepts electrons, ___ results

NADH

During Glycolysis: When NAD+ accepts ___, NADH results

electrons

During Glycolysis: Breakdown releases enough energy to immediately give a net gain of

2 ATP

During Glycolysis: Breakdown releases enough energy to immediately give a net gain of 2 ATP by

substrate-level synthesis

Following glycolysis, if oxygen is available,

pyruvate from glycolysis enters the mitochondria

Following glycolysis, if ___ is available, pyruvate from glycolysis enters the mitochondria

oxygen

If oxygen is absent,

pyruvate enters the fermentation pathways

Fermentation involves

glycolysis

Fermentation involves glycolysis, followed by the reduction of pyruvate by

NADH

Fermentation involves glycolysis, followed by the reduction of ___ by NADH

pyruvate

Fermentation involves glycolysis, followed by the reduction of pyruvate by NADH,

either to lactate or to alcohol and CO2

During Fermentation: the reduction of pyruvate regenerates

NAD+

During Fermentation: the reduction of pyruvate regenerates NAD+,

which can accept more hydrogen atoms during glycolysis

Although fermentation results in only 2 ATP, it still provides a ___ for short-term, strenuous muscular activity

quick burst of energy

Although fermentation results in only 2 ATP, it still provides a quick burst of energy for

short-term, strenuous muscular activity

In the presence of ____, the aerobic reactions of cellular respiration occur

oxygen

In the presence of oxygen, the ___ of cellular respiration occur

aerobic reactions

In the presence of oxygen, the aerobic reactions of ___ occur

cellular respiration

The accumulation of lactate puts an individual in

oxygen deficit

The accumulation of ___ puts an individual in oxygen deficit

lactate

The accumulation of lactate puts an individual in oxygen deficit, which is

the amount of oxygen needed when lactate is metabolized to CO2 and H20

The accumulation of lactate puts an individual in oxygen deficit, which is the amount of oxygen needed when lactate is metabolized to

CO2 and H2O

During the preparatory reaction in the matrix,

pyruvate is oxidized

During the preparatory reaction in the matrix, pyruvate is oxidized,

releasing CO2

Preparatory Reaction: NAD+ accepts

hydrogen ions and electrons

Preparatory Reaction: NAD+ accepts hydrogen ions and electrons,

forming NADH

Preparatory Reaction: an acetyl group,

the end product

Preparatory Reaction: an acetyl group, the end product, combines with

CoA

Preparatory Reaction: an acetyl group, the end product, combines with CoA,

forming acetyl-CoA

Preparatory Reaction: this reaction takes place ___ for each molecule of glucose that enters glycolysis

twice

Preparatory Reaction: this reaction takes place twice for each molecule of ___ that enters glycolysis

glucose

Preparatory Reaction: this reaction takes place twice for each molecule of glucose that enters

glycolysis

Acetyl groups enter the

citric acid cycle

citric acid cycle

a series of reactions occurring in the mitochondrial matrix

citric acid cycle: a series of reactions occurring in the

mitochondrial matrix

Citric Acid Cycle: for each ___, oxidation produces two CO2, three NADH, and one FADH2 and one ATP

acetyl-CoA,

Citric Acid Cycle: for each acetyl-CoA, ___ produces two CO2, three NADH, and one FADH2 and one ATP

oxidation

Citric Acid Cycle: for each acetyl-CoA, oxidation produces ___, three NADH, and one FADH2 and one ATP

two CO2

Citric Acid Cycle: for each acetyl-CoA, oxidation produces two CO2, ___, and one FADH2 and one ATP

three NADH

Citric Acid Cycle: for each acetyl-CoA, oxidation produces two CO2, three NADH, and ___ and one ATP

one FADH2

Citric Acid Cycle: for each acetyl-CoA, oxidation produces two CO2, three NADH, and one FADH2 and

one ATP

Citric Acid Cycle: the yield per ___ is four CO2, six NADH, and two FADH and one ATP

glucose

Citric Acid Cycle: the yield per glucose is ___, six NADH, and two FADH and one ATP

four CO2

Citric Acid Cycle: the yield per glucose is four CO2, ___, and two FADH and one ATP

six NADH

Citric Acid Cycle: the yield per glucose is four CO2, six NADH, and ___ and one ATP

two FADH

Citric Acid Cycle: the yield per glucose is four CO2, six NADH, and two FADH and

one ATP

The final stage of ___ involves the electron transport chain located in the cristae of the mitochondria

cellular respiration

The final stage of cellular respiration involves the ___ located in the cristae of the mitochondria

electron transport chain

The final stage of cellular respiration involves the electron transport chain located in the ___

cristae of the mitochondria

The electron chain is a

series of electron carriers that accept high-energy electrons (e-)

The electron chain is a series of electron carriers that accept high-energy electrons (e-) from ___ and pass electrons along until they are finally low-energy electrons received by oxygen, which combines with H+ to produce water

NADH and FADH2

The electron chain is a series of electron carriers that accept high-energy electrons (e-) from NADH and FADH2 and pass ___ along until they are finally low-energy electrons received by oxygen, which combines with H+ to produce water

electrons

The electron chain is a series of electron carriers that accept high-energy electrons (e-) from NADH and FADH2 and pass electrons along until they are finally___ received by oxygen, which combines with H+ to produce water

low-energy electrons

The electron chain is a series of electron carriers that accept high-energy electrons (e-) from NADH and FADH2 and pass electrons along until they are finally low-energy electrons received by ___, which combines with H+ to produce water

oxygen

The electron chain is a series of electron carriers that accept high-energy electrons (e-) from NADH and FADH2 and pass electrons along until they are finally low-energy electrons received by oxygen, which combines with ___ to produce water

H+

The electron chain is a series of electron carriers that accept high-energy electrons (e-) from NADH and FADH2 and pass electrons along until they are finally low-energy electrons received by oxygen, which combines with H+ to produce

water

The carriers of the electron transport chain are located in ___ on the cristae of the mitochondria

molecular complexes

The carriers of the electron transport chain are located in molecular complexes on the

cristae of the mitochondria

The carriers of the electron transport chain capture ___ from the passage of electrons and use it to pump H+ into the intermembrane space of the mitochondrion

energy

The carriers of the electron transport chain capture energy from the passage of electrons and use it to pump ___ into the intermembrane space of the mitochondrion

H+

The carriers of the electron transport chain capture energy from the passage of electrons and use it to pump H+ into the ___

intermembrane space of the mitochondrion

When ___ flows down its gradient into the matrix through ATP synthase complexes, energy is released and used to form ATP molecules from ADP and (P)

H+

When H+ flows down its ___ into the matrix through ATP synthase complexes, energy is released and used to form ATP molecules from ADP and (P)

gradient

When H+ flows down its gradient into the matrix through ___, energy is released and used to form ATP molecules from ADP and (P)

ATP synthase complexes

When H+ flows down its gradient into the matrix through ATP synthase complexes, ___ is released and used to form ATP molecules from ADP and (P)

energy

When H+ flows down its gradient into the matrix through ATP synthase complexes, energy is released and used to form ___ from ADP and (P)

ATP molecules

When H+ flows down its gradient into the matrix through ATP synthase complexes, energy is released and used to form ATP molecules from

ADP and (P)

Energy Yield from Glucose Metabolism: Of the maximum ___ formed by complete glucose breakdown, 4 are the result of the electron transport chain and ATP synthase

38 ATP

Energy Yield from Glucose Metabolism: Of the maximum 38 ATP formed by complete ___, 4 are the result of the electron transport chain and ATP synthase

glucose breakdown

Energy Yield from Glucose Metabolism: Of the maximum 38 ATP formed by complete glucose breakdown, 4 are the result of the

electron transport chain and ATP synthase

Most cells produce fewer than ____ per glucose molecule

36 ATP

Most cells produce fewer than 36 ATP per

glucose molecule

Besides carbohydrates, ___ can undergo cellular respiration by entering glycolysis and/or the critic acid cycle

glycerol and fatty acids from fats and amino acids from proteins

Besides carbohydrates, glycerol and fatty acids from fats and amino acids from proteins can undergo ___ by entering glycolysis and/or the critic acid cycle

cellular respiration

Besides carbohydrates, glycerol and fatty acids from fats and amino acids from proteins can undergo cellular respiration by entering ___

glycolysis and/or the critic acid cycle

Alternative Metabolic Pathways: These metabolic pathways also provide ___ for the synthesis of fats and proteins

substrates

Alternative Metabolic Pathways: These metabolic pathways also provide substrates for the synthesis of

fats and proteins

Where do proteins enter cellular respiration?

Glycolysis, Acetyl-CoA (preparatory step), or the Krebs Cycle

Where do carbohydrates enter the citric acid cycle?

Glycolysis

Where does glycerol enter the citric acid cycle?

Glycolysis

Where do fatty acids enter the citric acid cycle?

Acetyl-CoA (preparatory step)

Which wavelength is around 380 nm?

Gamma rays

Which wavelength is around 750 nm?

Radio waves

What do shorter wavelengths mean?

more energy

Which wavelength is around 500 nm?

UV rays

Which wavelength is around 600 nm?

infared