BREEN FINAL STUDY

tragedy

an imitation of a serious action, which will arouse pity and fear in the viewer

tragic hero

a character who is usually of high birth, is neither totally good nor totally evil, must evoke pity and fear, and whose downfall is brought about by some weakness or error in judgement

tragic flaw

an error in judgement or a defect that leads to a characters downfall

protagonist

the leading role

ode

a poem that praises something

stasimon

a stationary song, a type of lyric poem, a choral ode in which the chorus may comment on or react to the preceding episode, the chorus sings these and they are usually accompanied by musical instruments, consists of strophes (east to west) and antistrophes (west to east)

Chorus

serve as a powerful indicator for how we, the audience, should react to the tragic events as they unfold

masks and costumes

actors were able to shift roles easily because they wore masks, they wore long flowing robes, boots with raised soles, and larger than life masks, the open hole in the masks increased the resonance of the actor's voice

aeschylus

one of the three great playwrights, introduced the second actor to the play and wrote his plays to form trilogies

euripides

one of the three great playwrights, the most tragic of the three, reduced the role of the chorus, began using an opening speech to introduce events in the play, used the "god out of the machine"

sophocles

one of the three great playwrights, wrote more than 120 plays (only seven survived), he introduced a third actor, painted scenery, fixed chorus to only 15 men, made each play of a trilogy separate in nature

theatron

the watching place of the theater

orchestra

towards the front and surrounded on three sides

parados

the entrance song of the chorus

exodus

the concluding section

thymele

an altar to dionysus in the center of the orchestra "theater in general is dedicated to dionysus"

who is oedipus?

he killed his father and slept with his mother unknowingly

who is laius?

oedipus' father; oedipus killed him in the crossroads

who is jocasta?

oedipus's mother/wife, hung herself after finding out oedipus was her son

who is creon?

oedipus' brother-in-law

who is teriesias?

the blind prophet of apollo

who is priest?

begs for oedipus's help

who is choragus?

the leader of the chorus (could interact)

what problem is plauging thebes at the beginning of the play?

a plague

what does oedipus promise to do for the people?

find the one who killed king laius and end the plague

what did the oracle tell jocasta and laius when oedipus was a baby?th

that their son would sleep with his mother and kill his father

what does oedipus mean?

swollen foot

of what does oedipus accuse creon?

telling tiresias to accuse him of being the cause of the plague

why do creon and oedipus get in a fight?

they accuse and blame each other

why do oedipus and tiresias get in a fight?

oedipus refuses to believe that he killed his father and slept with his mother

what did the oracle tell oedipus would happen?

bad things would happen if he doesn't find the killer

what is the role of the messenger in greek tragedy?

informs the audience (ex: the messenger informed us that jocasta hung herself and oedipus took out his eyes)

what happens to jocasta?

she hangs herself

what happens to oedipus?

he stabs out his eyes and goes into a self induced exile

who are ismene, antigone, eteocles, and polynices?

oedipus's kids

what is hubris? how does it affect oedipus?

excessive pride and oedipus gets overly confident in himself

what is the punishment for pander and seduction

sinners are running around naked while horned demons armed with scrouges were slashing at them from behind

which ways did the panderers and seducers move?

panderers move from left to right seducers more from right to left, straight lines

free!

free!

what is the contrapasso for panderers and seduces?

took advantage of others and their bodies, and treated them as if they were slaves; now, they themselves are being whipped like slaves having no control.

who are the sinners of pander and seduction?

venedico caccianemico and jason

Who are the sinners who are being slashed at while walking in lines

vendico caccianemico and jason

what is the setting of panderers and seducers?

Castle called Malebolge; ten ditches

what is the punishment for flattery?

they live eternally with poop in their mouth; forced to ingest some literally living like pigs

what is the sin for those who live like pigs?

flattery

what is the contrapasso for flattery?

they are forced to eat what their own words were, waste. poop symbolizes the false flattery

what is the setting for flattery?

deep pit in the middle of the castle, center of all the ditches

who are the sinners of flattery?

alessio interminei of lucca and thais

who are the sinners who live like pigs?

Alessio interminei of lucca and thais

what is the sin for being buried upside down with legs on fire?

simony: the buying and selling of sacraments or pardons

what is the punishment for simony?

buried upside down with their heads in the ground and their legs poking out on fire

what is the setting for simony?

the third "ditch" of circle 8; holes were pierced in the ground overlooking a trench

who are the sinners for simony?

simon magus, pope nicholas, pope boniface, pope clement, and boniface

Who are the sinners that are buried upside down?

Simon magus, pope nicholas, pope boniface, pope clement, and boniface

what is the contrapasso for simony?

since they mocked the church in life, they are being mocked currently

what is the sin for those with their bodies contortioned?

fortune telling

what is the punishment for fortune telling?

heads are twisting forcing them to be silent; they constantly weep causing blurred vision

what is the contrapasso for fortune telling?

tried to look too far forward in life, now they must look behind them for eternity with blurred vision

what is the setting for fortune telling?

dark chasm; sinner lag around the abyss

who are the sinners for fortune telling?

tiresias and manto

Who are the sinners with contortioned bodies?

Tiresias and manto

what is the sin for those in a pit of tar?

grafters: corrupt political offical

what is the punishment for grafters?

tossed into a scalding pit of tar; if they try to come up, the demons shove them back down with their pronged spears

what are the monsters of the grafters?

malabranche and malacoda (leader)

What are the monsters for those in a pit of tar?

Malabranche and malacoda (leader)

what is the setting for grafters?

darkness; pit of scalding tar; demons with pitchforks

who are the sinners for the grafters?

ciampolo and friar gomita

Who are the sinners in a pit of tar?

Ciampolo and friar gomita

what is the contrapasso for the grafters?

the sinners are buried in tar and hidden from sight, just like how their sins were hidden from sight in life.

in bolgia 5, what was the significance of the bridge?

it was broken during the crucifixion of christ. even in hell, god is influential

what is the sin for those wearing robes of lead?

hypocrites

what is the punishment for the hypocrites?

sinners walk endlessly along a narrow track weighted down by robes of lead

what is the setting for hypocrites?

long, dark, rocky paths

what is the contrapasso for hypocrites?

how the lead acts as a burden to the sinners, which contradicts the morals they pretended to have on earth. Indeed they did seem good on the outside and were bad on the inside

who are the sinners for hypocrites?

caiphas, catalono and loderingo, and the "jovial friars"

Who are the sin for those who are turned into snakes?

thieves: people who steal another person's property

what is the punishment for thieves?

sinners are naked and serpants are chasing them; they wrap around their arms and legs; when the serpants bite them, they catch on fire, turn to ash, and then come back to life and continue to be chased

what is the contrapasso for thieves?

as they were snakes in life because they stole from other, they become snakes in hell

what is the setting for thieves?

collapsed bridges with rocks, snakes swam in a ditch

who is the sinners that are thieves?

vanni fucci

Who is the sinners that are turned into snakes?

Vanni fucci

who is the monster for the thieves?

cacus, a centaur

Who is the monster for those who are turned into snakes?

Cacus, a centaur

what is the sin for those who are in flames?

sin of evil counsel or administering false advice to others

what is the punishment for evil counselors?

sinner are wrapped in flames and burned for eternity

what is the contrapasso for evil counselors?

just as their lies and fake advice spread like fire, now they are engulfed in it for eternity; basically liar liar pants on fire

what is the setting for evil counselors?

a burning valley

who are the sinners for evil counselors?

ulysses, diomede, and count guido da montefeltro

Who are the sinners for those in a fire?

Ulysses, diomede, and count guido

what is the sin for those being cut by the devil?

sowers of discord: people who caused schisms and have participated in scandolous events

what is the setting for sowers of discord?

in a ditch, red, soil-based, ton of dead bodies

what is punishment for sowers of disord?

the unseen devil cuts and slashes the sinners with his sword

who is the monster for the sowers of discord?

the unseen devil

Who is the monster for those being slashed?

The unseen devil

who are the sinners for sowers of discord?

religious discord = mohomet + ali, political discord=pier de medicina, discord of kinsmen=bertran de born

Who are the sinners being slashed by the devil?

Religious discord=mohomet + ali, political discord=pier de medicina, discord of kinsmen=bertran de born

discord among kinsmen

bertan de born

what is the contrapasso for sowers of discord?

sinners ripped apart the community with their sin, their bodies are literally seperated and ripped by the devil

what is the setting for falsifiers?

huge gaping hole with all the sinners milling about in it

what is the sin for those with diseases?

falsifiers