^^DNA^^
- DNA stands for Deoxyribonucleic Acid. It is has the shape of a double helix.
- It is established by James Watson and Francis Crick.
- These are codes for your genes (traits) and they are made of repeating subunits called nucelotides.
Nucleotide – It has three parts: Phosphate Deoxyribose (sugar), base (A, T, G, C)
Base-Pair Rule
- Adenine –Thymine
- Guanine –Cytosine
- A T A, T C A, T G C, G G G
The sides of the DNA ladder are phosphate and sugar and they are held together by hydrogen bonds.
How does the Code work?
The combination of A, T, G, C determines what traits you might have:
- C A T C A T = purple hair
- T A C T A C = yellow hair
DNA Replication
The process by which DNA makes a copy of itself (cell division)
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Semi-Conservative – Half of the old strand is saved.
^^RNA^^
- It is called the messenger. It only has a single strand, has ribose sugar. It contains no thymine, but uracil instead. It can leave the nucleus and follows
- Transcription–Process where RNA is made from DNA, occurs in the nucleus of the cell.
- Translation–Process where proteins are made from RNA, occurs in the cytoplasm.
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