Genetic Engineering Overview

These flashcards cover key concepts and details related to genetic engineering, including processes, terms, and implications.

What are restriction enzymes used for in genetic engineering?

Restriction enzymes recognize specific sequences of DNA and cut the DNA at these points.

What is recombinant DNA?

Two different bits of DNA stuck together.

What are the two main types of vectors used in genetic engineering?

Plasmids and viruses.

What role do ligase enzymes play in genetic engineering?

Ligase enzymes are used to join two pieces of DNA together.

How does a bacterium become transgenic?

A bacterium becomes transgenic when it contains genes transferred from another species.

How can genetically modified crops improve food production?

By making them resistant to insects and herbicides which can increase crop yield.

What concerns exist regarding genetically modified crops?

Concerns include the possibility of transplanted genes spreading into the environment and adverse effects on food chains or human health.

What does it mean for a crop to be herbicide-resistant?

It means farmers can spray the crops to kill weeds without affecting the crop itself.

What are some potential problems with genetic engineering?

Potential problems include unforeseen issues that could arise and be passed on to future generations.

What is the process to create recombinant DNA?

1) Cut out the gene of interest using a restriction enzyme; 2) Cut open vector DNA using the same restriction enzyme; 3) Mix vector DNA and gene and use ligase to join them together; 4) Insert the recombinant DNA into other cells.