Unit 7 Test: Clinical Psychology - Therapies

psychoanalysis/psychodynamic psychotherapy

a therapeutic approach that involves a patient's free associations, resistances, dreams, and transferences + and the therapist's interpretations of them

goals of the therapy (psychotherapy)

to release repressed feelings from the unconscious mind, allowing the patient to gain self-insight

free association (psychotherapy)

the patient relaxes and speaks freely on anything that comes to mind

resistance (psychotherapy)

the blocking from consciousness of anxiety-laden material

interpretation (psychotherapy)

the therapist's noting supposed dream meanings, resistances, and other significant behaviors and events in order to promote insight

transference (psychotherapy)

the patient's transfer of emotions onto the therapist

countertransference (psychotherapy)

the therapist's transfer of emotions onto the patient

humanistic therapy or person-centered therapy

a therapeutic approach in which the therapist uses techniques such as active listening within an accepting, genuine, empathic environment to facilitate clients' growth

active listening (humanistic therapy)

therapist acknowledges, restates, and clarifies what the client expresses

unconditional positive regard (humanistic therapy)

a caring, accepting, nonjudgmental attitude, which Carl Rogers believed would help clients to develop self-awareness and self-acceptance

systematic desensitization (counterconditioning therapy)

associating a pleasant, relaxed state with gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli

virtual reality exposure therapy (counterconditioning therapy)

creative electronic stimulations where people virtually + safely face fears

aversive conditioning (counterconditioning therapy)

associating unpleasant states with unwanted behavior

behavior modification (operant-based therapy)

reinforcing behaviors considered desirable, punishing behaviors considered undesirable

token economy (in institutional settings or schools)

earning tokens that can be exchanged for rewards or privileges when exhibiting desired behavior

automatic thoughts (cognitive therapy)

numerous unpleasant thoughts that help to cause or maintain depression, anxiety, or other forms of psychological dysfunction

catastrophizing

relentless, overgeneralized, self-blaming behavior

antipsychotic drugs (biomedical therapy)

reduce positive symptoms, dopamine receptor ANTAGONISTS, minimize dopamine activity

antianxiety drugs (biomedical therapy)

diminish feelings of anxiety, GABA receptor Angonists (mimics), drugs such as barbiturates and benzodiazepines

antidepressant drugs (biomedical therapy)

treat depression, alter the availability of various neurotransmitters, drugs such as SSRIs

mood stabilizing drugs (biomedical therapy)

help control manic, out of control feelings, GABA receptor Angonists (mimics), drugs such as lithium salts

electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

a treatment that involves inducing a mild seizure by delivering an electrical shock to the brain

transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS)

a treatment that involves passing a mild electrical current directly through a brain area by placing small electrodes on the skull

repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS)

a treatment that involves stimulating specific brain areas through magnetic pulses with magnetic coils

deep brain stimulation (DBS)

a treatment procedure for depression in which a pacemaker powers electrodes that are implanted in the "sadness center", stimulating that brain area