Gross anatomy

Periosteum

dense irregular connective tissue

blood vessels and nerves are present

attached to bone by perforating fibers made of collage

articular cartilage

made of hyaline cartilage and allows for movement

hyaline cartilage

most found cartilage in body

appears smooth / glassy in microscopic

epiphysis

Enlarged rounded ends of the long bone

covered with articular cartilage

Diaphysis

The middle shaft of long bone

medullary (marrow) cavity

where red and yellow hone barrow are housed

Compact bone

Hard dense outer layer of bone

resist compression and twisting forces

spongy bone

frame work of bony strusts that resist forces from many directions while creating space for bone marrow

Endosteum

membrane that lines the internal surface of the bone

6 important functions of bones

protection, mineral storage, blood cell formation, fat storage, movement, support

protection

sternum, ribs, pelvis, and vertebral column protect internal organs

minerals stored

85% calcium is stored in bones

phosphorus and magnesium are used as electrolytes

blood cell formation

red bone marrow

fat storage

yellow bone marrow

(used for energy)

movement

skeletal muscle attached

support

bones provide scaffolding

reticular tissue

serve as site for hematopoiesis

hematopoiesis

producing new red blood cells in body

axial skeleton

central axis of skeleton

skull, vertebral column, rib cage

appendicular skeleton

limbs skeleton

upper and lower limbs

pectoral and pelvic girdle