Us History u2

q1

Chattel Slavery

Ownership of someone else who has no rights

Dehumanization

Africans were “auctioned” off

Indentured Servitude

One legally bound to pay off passage to the New World; worked for 4-7 years and most were white (90%).

Maroons

Community of fugitive slaves; many lived in Swamps

Why swamps and where

Because they didnt think they would be there and they didnt wanna look there; in Lousinia and Florida

Mulatto

Mix of European and African

Mestizo

Mix of Native American and European

Black Indian

Native American and African

Florida

Safe haven for fugitive slaves

Who was the first to create race based slavery

America; they created a sort of “caste” system based on race and it continued after slavery

What was tar used for

To cover scars from whippings and wounds so they looked healthier

Why did they cover wounds

It shows that they were “trouble”; disobedient

What happened at the auction

Wenches and Bucks were sold off and families were separated

How were slaves named

Slaves kept their first name and took on their masters last name as theirs

Which slaves were more valuable, bucks or wenches?

Wenches because they could reproduce.

Why were indentured servants able to escape easier than slaves

Werent many free Africans so they stuck out if they escaped; there were many whites so they could blend in

Colony

Land settled by people from foreign area

Commonwealth

Where society works for good of the whole

Settler

Person who moves with a group to a foreign place

Relationship between Africans and African Americans

Both looked down upon each other

Jamestown

First successful/permanent colony in america

African Americans became “poisoned” because

some believed what their owners said and felt superior to africans / acceptated their fate

Plymouth

Colony settled by pilgrims who were seperatists

House of Burgesses

First representative assembly in America

Mayflower Compact

Agreement between men to abide the laws when they landed in the New World

Charter

Former written agreement from parent company to give authority to people once they got to new world; usually birtain

Native Americans were fought against and alongside?

Europeans

Native Americans were both

slaves and slavers; most slaves were in northern colonies (for shipbuilding)

13 British colonies stretched from?

Main to Florida (NS), Atlantic to Appalachian Mountains (EW)

Colonies named after British monarchs

yes (ex: New york = duke of york, maryland = queen of mary, virginia = queen elizabeth I, Georgia = King George)

What colony welcomed all people of colors and religion

Pennslyvania (bc of quaker led by William penn)

what was irony of people coming to new world

they came for religious freedom but most didnt find it

Great Awakening

Religious revival that swept through the colonies during early colonization period; aimed to Christianize Natives + Africans ( so they would “accept” there status)

North of 13 colonies prospered :

Shipbuilding, Fishing, Trade (also called NewEnglanmd colonies)

South of 13 colonies prospered

Slave Labor/Planations, Cash Crop(Tobacco, cotton, sugar, corn, indigo)

Middle of 13 colonies

Prospered in both based on proximity of how close they were to north or south

Name the 13 Colonies

New York, New Jersey, New Hampshire, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, Georgia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Massachusetts, and Rhode Island, Connecticut (created bc Mass was religiously strict).

French and Indian war known as

7 yrs war

Belligermants

nations in war

What was the first and last battle in 7 yrs war

Battle of Jumonville, and Battle of Quebec

What were they fighting for in 7 yrs war

French Cannada and Northeast region of North america

Treat of Paris 1763

Officially ended F and I war; Spain gave Florida to Britain; Britain took Eastern Portion of Lousina and Cannada from France

Population of colonies; demographics?

2.5 million (80% white (70% British) 20% Natives and Blacks); 4 large cities with over 10k ppl (philidelphia, Boston, NY, Charelston)

Enlightenment

started in Europe; idea of using scientific method and reason in life + politics

leaders of this in colonies?

Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin (Poor richards almanack), Thomas Paine(Common sense), Edmund Burke, John locke

Precursors

something that occured cuz of something else; pre cursor of ameriocan rev was f and i war, and for rev war was american rev.

Revolutionaries

People who fight against gov

Radicals

Someone who wanted immediate change NOW; ex sons of liberties with the leader Samuel adams

Diff between American rev and rev war

rev war was battle and american rev was politcal tensions/conflict

Patriots vs Loyalists

Patriots wanted to be indepdnednt; loyalasts honored British authority

Tyranny vs treason

Taxing without rep; betraying ones country; Parliment believed that colonists should help pay for war debt cuz it “helped” them

Duties

Tax imposed on colonits to help pay for debt and soliders stationed

Stamp Act

Affected everyone in colonies; tax on all legal docs, newspapers, cards, pamplets, etc.

Townsend act

Parliment has right to tax colonists

Who was king in england at time

King George III

Boston was the

hotspot (center) for the revolution

Boston Massacre(1770)

Colonists messed with solidiers and then the soldiers should the colonists and 5 died

Samuel Jackson and the sons of liberty used the massacre as?

Propoganda; samuel also named it “massacre”

Boston Tea Party

Sons of liberty dressed as natives and got on a ship and threw off tea (in response to the tea act)

Lexington and Concord

First shots of the war &1775) (shot heard ‘round the world)

Bunker Hill (actually took pace on Breeds Hill)

First major battle of the war and it proved that US was stronger than Britain thought and the war would last long,

Paul Revere

Alarm rider whose route took him where the British were

Thestres

Stages (war was fought in northern and southern)

Red Coats Vs Continental Army

Thomas Gage leader of the strongest army (Britain) vs George washington (made a name for himself in F and I war due to assasination of french diplomat)

Intolerable Acts

1. closing of boston harber
   2. Martial Law: gov ruled by military
   3. quartering Act: any open office, building, room to be filled by soliders

John Adams

defended British soldiers succesfully for the boston massacre incident (he was american)

Crispus Attucks

Martyr and former slave; died for a cause

Why were british coming

because they got word that they was hidin ammo and guns

Continental Congress

Were delegates meet; delegates met in philidephia 2 times

Declaration of indepdnence was written

during 2nd meeting

Comittee of 5

authors of d and i, jefferson, franklin, j adams, robert livngston, roger sherman

valley forge

location in PA which was encampent where GW prepared his army

Colonial Militia

Volunteered to porotect colonies; 1/3 of them became minutemen they were strong and young

Battle of Trenton

Changed morale for US

Battle of Saratoga

Colonists victory convined french to aid colonists and later spain

“Shot heard round the world”
“No taxation without representation”
“dont fire till you see the whites of there eyes”
“give me liberty give me death”

quotes

Diplomat

Someone sent abroad to smooth relations and avoid war

Delegate

A rep of a group

Benedict Arnold

Traitor; discussed secret plans and there was an african spy who heard and told GW

Founding Fathers

Delegates who met in philly ; TJ, franklin, j adams, john hancock, james madison, george washington

Blacks and natives fough for

both sides but sided with whichever gave freedom / land (which britain usually promised)

Yorktown, VA

Last major battle of war (south theatre); site of british surrender

Charles Cornwallis

British suprememe commander in souther theatre; gage was northern

Maruis de Lafayette

Commander of french army; was wih GW at yorktown

Treaty of Paris (1783)

ends war officially; british offically recognized; western border increased till missispi river