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Neutralisation
This is the process of an antibody binding to a pathogenic microbe and disabling it
Opsonisation
This is the process of an antibody tagging pathogenic microbes for targeting by phagocytic cells
Complement activation
This is the process of an antibody activating the complement cascade
Plasma cell
This is a type of B-cell that produces and secretes antibodies
Memory cell
This is a type of B-cell that provides immune memory and allows for functioning of the adaptive immune system
B-cell receptor
This is a structure that covers the outside surface of each B-cell, responsible for binding to antigens and activating the B-cell
Transmembrane domain
This is an anchor on some B-cell receptors
IgG
This is an immunoglobulin most abundant in blood that performs opsonisation and neutralisation, crosses the placenta to provide passive immunity, and targets viruses and bacteria
IgA
This is an immunoglobulin present in blood and secretions that defends mucosal membranes, is found in breast milk and confers passive immunity to an infant, and targets viruses and bacteria
IgM
This is an immunoglobulin produced first after antigen exposure that activates the complement cascade, targets extracellular bacteria, and acts as an antigen receptor
IgE
This is an immunoglobulin found in low concentrations in blood that confers immunity to multicellular parasites, triggers allergic reactions, and activates mast cells
IgD
This is an immunoglobulin expressed on naïve B-cells that acts as an antigen receptor alongside IgM, with a specific function largely unknown
Epitope
This is an antibody binding site on a bacterium or pathogenic microbe
Native antigen
This is an antigen that isn’t processed by the MHC, and helps to activate B-cells