Anatomy

Blood, Lymphatic, and Immune Systems

Body tissue is composed of…

Formed elements suspended in plasma

Formed elements (cells)

-erythrocytes

-leukocytes

-platelets

Plasma (liquid)

-water

-proteins

-gases, salts

Serum

Blood plasma without the fibrinogens

Erythrocytes (RBC)

-hemoglobin

-protein

-transport of respiratory gases (CO2 and O2)

-biconcave disks (lack nucleus)

Leukocytes (WBC)

-protection and defense

-tissue repair

-some are macrophages (perform phagocytosis)

Platelet (thrombocytes)

-hemostasis (ability to control bleeding)

-thrombocytopenia (low platelet count

Lymphatic system

-network of vessels that drain fluid and return to blood)

-maintains the cells (WBC); immunity

Lymphatic structures

Lymph nodes, Vessels, and Fluid, Tonsils, Thymus, and Spleen

Immune system

Protects the body against disease-causing organisms

Types of defense (immune system)

Innate; Acquired

Innate

Present at birth

Acquired

Develops throughout a lifetime with each encounter with a pathogen/foreign substance

Antibody

Protective protein produced by B lymphocytes in response to the presence of a specific foreign substance called an antigen

Antigen

Substance, recognized as harmful to the host, that stimulates formation of antibodies in an immunocompetent individual

Bite pigment

Substance derived from the breakdown of hemoglobin nd excreted by the liver

Cytokine

Chemical substance produced by certain cells that initiates, inhibits, increases, or decreases activity in other cells; chemical communication

Dendritic cell

Specialized type of monocyte that display antigens on its cell surface and presents them to components of the immune system

Natural killer (NK) cells

Specialized lymphocytes that destroy virally infected cells and tumor cells by releasing chemical that disrupt their cell membranes, causing their intercellular fluid to leak out

aden/o

gland

agglutin/o

clumping, gluing

blast/o

embryonic cell

chrom/o

color

erythr/o

red

granul/o

granule

hem/o

blood

hemat/o

blood

immun/o

immune, immunity, safe

leuk/o

white

lymph/o

lymph

lymphaden/o

lymph gland (node)

lymphangi/o

lymph vessel

morph/o

form, shape, structure

myel/o

bone marrow; spinal cord

nucle/o

nucleus

phag/o

swallowing, eating

poikil/o

varied, irregular

ser/o

serum

sider/o

iron

splen/o

spleen

thromb/o

blood clot

thym/o

thymus gland

-blast

embryonic cell

-globin

protein

-penia

decrease, deficiency

-phil

attraction for

-phylaxis

protection

-poiesis

formation, production

-stasis

standing still

-ation

process (of)

-osis

abnormal condition; increase

-ic

pertaining to

-emia

blood condition

-oid

resembling

mono-

one

neutr/o

neutral, neither

ana-

against; up; back

aniso-

unequal, dissimilar

Anaphylaxis

Life threatening allergic response

Hematopoiesis/hemopoiesis

The development of blood cells

Hemoglobin

“Blood protein”

Petechia

Pinpoint hemorrhages on the lower leg which are associated ith thrombocytopenia

Hematoma

Localized accumulation of blood

Lymphadema

An accumulation of lymph fluid in tissue, usually in the arm or leg

Sepsis

The presence of bacteria or toxins in the blood (blood poisoning)

Hypochromatic

Deficiency in the number of RBC and their pigment hemoglobin which gives the cells color

Autoimmune

All disorder which attack the body’s own tissue

Kaposi sarcoma

This disease is a malignancy of connective tissues like muscle and bone

Erythrocytosis

Condition of elevated levels of RBCs

Thrombocytopenia

Decrease or deficiency of platelets cell fragments

Anisochromic

Another name for hypochromia

Anisochromic

Pertaining to unequal cell color

CBC

Abbreviation or a broad screening test for anemias and coagulation disorders

Sickle cell anemia

Genetic disease of RBC in which the child only has the disease if both parents possess the trait

Infectious mononucleosis

Infectious disease is caused by EBV can cause splenomalgy and helptomeglay

Anticoagulant

Pharmaceutical (which prevent blood clots) are: heparin, warfarin, dibigatran