Chapter 12

William Henry Harrison

William Henry Harrison

Govenor of the Indiana territory, that fought against Tecumseh and the Prophet in the battle of Tippecanoe

Francis Scott Key

United States lawyer and poet who wrote a poem after witnessing the British attack on Baltimore during the War of 1812; wrote "The Star Spangled Banner"

Andrew Jackson

The seventh President of the United States (1829-1837), who as a general in the War of 1812 defeated the British at New Orleans (1815). As president he opposed the Bank of America, objected to the right of individual states to nullify disagreeable federal laws, and increased the presidential powers.

Washington Irving

Author, diplomat, wrote The Sketch Book, which included "Rip Van Winkle" and "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow," the first American to be recognized in England (and elsewhere) as a writer

James Monroe

He was the fifth President of the United States. He is the author of the Monroe Doctrine. Proclaimed that the Americas should be closed to future European colonization and free from European interference in sovereign countries' affairs. It further stated the United States' intention to stay neutral in European wars

James Fenimore Cooper

American novelist who is best remembered for his novels of frontier life, such as The Last of the Mohicans (1826).

John Marshall

Chief Justice of the Supreme Court from 1801 to 1835. Presided over cases such as Marbury V. Madison

John C. Calhoun

(1830s-40s) Leader of the Fugitive Slave Law, which forced the cooperation of Northern states in returning escaped slaves to the south. He also argued on the floor of the senate that slavery was needed in the south. He argued on the grounds that society is supposed to have an upper ruling class that enjoys the profit of a working lower class.

John Quincy Adams

Secretary of State, He served as sixth president under Monroe. In 1819, he drew up the Adams-Onis Treaty in which Spain gave the United States Florida in exchange for the United States dropping its claims to Texas. The Monroe Doctrine was mostly Adams' work.

Daniel Webster

a senator from Massachusettes and the most powerful speaker of his time who was involved in the Webster-Hayne debate

McCulloch v. Maryland

Maryland was trying to tax the national bank and Supreme Court ruled that federal law was stronger than the state law

Cohens v. Virginia

Cohens found guilty of selling illegal lottery tickets and convicted, but taken to supreme court, and Marshall asserted right of Supreme Court to review decisions of state supreme court decisions.

Gibbons v. Ogden

steamboat case that gave broad interpretation to "interstate commerce"

Battle of Horseshoe Bend

fought during the War of 1812 in central Alabama. On March 27, 1814, United States forces and Indian allies under General Andrew Jackson defeated the Red Sticks, a part of the Creek Indian tribe inspired by the Shawnee leader Tecumseh, effectively ending the Creek War.

Fletcher v. Peck

Supreme Court has the power to declare state laws unconstitutional (Yazoo Land Act)

Dartmouth College v. Woodward

(1819)(New hamp. tried to take over a college by revising a charter)charters are protected under the contract clause of the U.S. constitution(marshall)

Era of Good Feeling

An political era when the Federalist party faded away and there were almost no divisions; James Monroe was President

Missouri Compromise

an agreement in 1820 between pro-slavery and anti-slavery factions in the United States concerning the extension of slavery into new territories

Hartford Convention

Meeting of Federalists near the end of the War of 1812 in which the party listed it's complaints against the ruling Republican Party. These actions were largley viewed as traitorous to the country and lost the Federalist much influence

Battle of Plattsburgh

Battle where Thomas McDonough defeated the British in the North

Treaty of Ghent

Treaty that ended the War of 1812 and maintained prewar conditions

Tallmadge Amendment

This was an attempt to have no more slaves to be brought to Missouri and provided the gradual emancipation of the children of slaves. In the mind of the South, this was a threat to the sectional balance between North and South. User-contributed

Monroe Doctrine

A statement of foreign policy which proclaimed that Europe should not interfere in affairs within the United States or in the development of other countries in the Western Hemisphere.

Land Act of 1820

authorized a buyer to purchase 80 virgin acres at a minimum of $1.25 per acre in cash, it also brought about cheap transportation and cheap money

Battle of the Thames

Battle at which Tecumseh died in, which ended the Indian confederation

Constitution

a written plan of government

Florida Purchase Treaty

1819 - Under the Adams-Onis Treaty, Spain sold Florida to the U.S., and the U.S. gave up its claims to Texas. gave american southwest to spain

panic of 1819

A natural post-war depression caused by overproduction and the reduced demand for goods after the war. However, it was generally blamed on the National Bank

Treaty of 1819

This treaty between the Spanish and the Americans ceded Spanish-claimed Florida to America in return for the cession of Texas to the Spanish

Virginia dynasty

Thomas Jefferson (1801-1809), James Madison (1809-1817), James Monroe (1817-1825). All presidents from virginia.

Bonus Bill of 1817

would have parceled out $1.5 M to the states for internal improvements

Tariff of 1816

A protective tariff designed to help American industries

Second Bank of the United States

This institution was chartered in 1816 under President Madison and became a depository for federal funds and a creditor for (loaning money to) state banks. It became unpopular after being blamed for the panic of 1819, and suspicion of corruption and mismanagement haunted it until its charter expired in 1836. Jackson fought against this institution throughout his presidency, proclaiming it to be an unconstitutional extension of the federal government and a tool that rich capitalists used to corrupt American society.

Ohio fever

European immigrants bought large amounts of cheap west American land.

isolationism

a policy of nonparticipation in international economic and political relations