APUSH Unit 2 Key Terms, People, and Events Flashcards

Encomienda system

Spanish system where natives were forced to labor on plantations and in mines; replaced by African slavery later.

Pueblo Revolt

Spanish suppression of Pueblo religious practices and forced conversion to Catholicism led to a Native uprising in 1680.

Mestizo

mixed European and Native American ancestry.

Mulatto

mixed European and African ancestry.

Headright system

Land grant system in Virginia giving 50 acres to new settlers to encourage colonization.

House of Burgesses

First elected representative assembly in colonial America (Virginia, 1619).

Bacon's Rebellion

1676 uprising in Virginia by poor farmers against the colonial government's refusal to protect them from Native attacks.

Mayflower Compact

Agreement by Pilgrims in 1620 to form a government based on majority rule.

Indentured Servants

Laborers who worked for a set number of years in exchange for passage to America.

Triangular Trade

Trade system between Europe, Africa, and the Americas involving slaves, raw materials, and manufactured goods.

Navigation Acts

British laws restricting colonial trade to English ships to benefit the mother country.

First Great Awakening

1730s-40s religious revival movement emphasizing emotional faith and challenging traditional authority.

Mercantilism

Economic policy where colonies exist to enrich the mother country by providing raw materials and markets.

John Smith

Leader who helped save Jamestown through strict discipline and organization.

John Rolfe

Introduced tobacco cultivation to Virginia, which became a profitable export.

William Penn

Founded Pennsylvania as a "holy experiment" with religious tolerance and fair treatment of natives.

Roger Williams

Banished Puritan separatist who founded Rhode Island and advocated separation of church and state.

Anne Hutchinson

Challenged Puritan clergy and gender roles; banished from Massachusetts.

Bartolomé de las Casas

Spanish priest who advocated for Native American rights and helped end the encomienda system.

King Philip

Wampanoag leader who led a major Native American uprising against New England colonists.

Pequot War

Conflict between English settlers and Pequot tribe over land and trade (1636-1637).

Stono Rebellion

1739 slave revolt in South Carolina; led to harsher slave codes.

Glorious Revolution

1688 overthrow of James II in England; led to relaxation of strict colonial control.

Leisler's Rebellion

Uprising in New York reflecting tensions between wealthy elite and poor settlers after Glorious Revolution.