All IGCSE Physics Formulas and Related Quantities

Density

= Mass / Volume. Its symbol is rho (ρ)

Speed

= Distance / Time. Its symbol is “v” or “s”.

average speed

= total distance/total time.

Acceleration

= Change in velocity / time. Its symbol is "a".

weight

= mass × gravity. Its symbol is "W".

Force

= mass × acceleration. Its symbol is "F".

moment

= force × distance from pivot. Its symbol is "M".

impulse

= force × time. Its symbol is "J".

Kinetic Energy

= 1/2 × mass × velocity². Its symbol is "KE".

Potential Energy

= mass × gravity × height. Its symbol is "PE".

Work

= force × distance. Its symbol is "W".

Energy Efficiency Percentage

= useful energy output ÷ total energy input × 100. Its symbol is eta "η".

Power

= work done / time OR Energy transferred/time taken

pressure

= force/area. Its symbol is "P".

Kelvin Conversion

Temp in K = Temp in °C + 273

Specific Heat Capacity

Change in Energy / Mas x Change in Temperature c = ∆E/m∆T

Wave Equation

velocity = frequency x wavelength v=fλ

Refractive Index (Alternate)

Sin(i) / Sin(r) Where “i” is the angle of incidence and “r” is the angle of refraction.

Refractive index

1/Sin(c) where c is the critical angle

Speed of Light

3.0 × 10^8 m/s

Electric Current

I = Q/t (charge over time)

Emf / Pd(Electromotive Force and Potential Difference)

E = W/Q (work done/energy divided by charge)

Resistance (in ohms, Ω)

R = V/I (Voltage / Current (in amperes) )

transformer Equantion

V_p  / V_s  = N_p / N_s Where V is the voltage across the primary (V_p) and secondary (V_s) coils, and N is the number of turns in the primary (N_p) and secondary (N_s) coils.

Transformer Efficiency Equation

I_p V_p= I_s V_s Where I is the current in the primary (Ip) and secondary (Is) coils, and V is the voltage in the primary (Vp) and secondary (Vs) coils.

What does on light year equal?

9.5 × 10¹⁵m

What is the value of Hubble’s Constant?

2.2 × 10^-18

Equation for the Universe’s Age

d / v = 1/H₀ Where d is the distance to galaxies, v is their velocity, and H is Hubble's constant.

Speed of sound in Air

330 ~ 350 m/s

Audible Frequencies for Humans

20 - 20,000 Hz