Lung, Bronchus, and Trachea Oncological Management Flashcards

Flashcards based on lecture notes about lung, bronchus, and trachea oncological management.

What are some aetiological factors associated with the development of tumours of the lung, bronchus, and trachea?

Smoking, radon gas, arsenic, asbestos, beryllium, cadmium, coal, silica, nickel, age >75, previous radiotherapy, lowered immunity, familial risk.

What investigations enable the correct diagnosis of lung tumours?

GP referral to specialist centre, physical examination, chest X-Ray, sputum cytology, bronchoscopy, radionuclide imaging, biopsy, CT/MRI, PET or PET/CT.

What are the common presenting symptoms of lung tumours?

Persistent cough, recurrent chest infection, dyspnoea, haemoptysis, hoarse voice, ache/pain when coughing, loss of appetite/weight loss, dysphagia, fatigue, stridor.

What are the stages of trachea cancer?

Early or local (cancer only in the trachea), locally advanced (cancer spread outside the trachea), and metastatic or advanced (cancer spread to distant organs).

What are common types of bronchoscopic treatments for lung tumors?

Stent Therapy, Laser Therapy, Argon Beam Coagulation, Brachytherapy, Rigid Bronchoscopy.

What is the purpose of Stent Therapy in bronchoscopic treatment?

To place a narrow tube in a narrowed airway to keep it open.

What is the focus of laser therapy?

Using focused light to shrink or remove tumors.

What is the aim of the National Targeted Lung Health Check Programme?

To increase the detection of lung cancer at earlier stages.

What age group and smoking history are targeted by the National Targeted Lung Health Check Programme?

Locals between 55-74 years old who are current or former smokers.

What is the most common type of trachea cancer caused by smoking?

Squamous cell carcinoma.

What are examples of chemotherapy drugs used in monotherapy for lung cancer?

Cisplatin and Carboplatin.

What are the main categories of lung cancer pathology?

Small cell lung cancer (oat cell), Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and Mesothelioma.

Name examples of NSCLC?

Squamous cell carcinoma, Adenocarcinoma, Large cell carcinoma

What are examples of Adenocarcinoma subtypes?

Bronchoalveolar adenocancer.

What is indicated if the staging is M0?

No distant metastasis.

What is indicated if the staging is M1?

Distant metastasis present.

Name some lung cancer treatment options

Chemotherapy, radiotherapy, surgery, immunotherapy and targeted therapy

What is the surgical proceedure that removes one lobe?

Lobectomy

What is the surgical proceedure that removes two lobes?

Bilobectomy

What are examples of immunotherapy drugs used for NSCLC and SCLC?

Pembrolizumab, Atezolizumab, Durvalumab, Nivolumab.