PE revision

Cranium

The bone structure that forms the head and protects the brain.

Humerus

The long bone of the upper arm or forelimb.

Femur

The longest and strongest bone in the body, located in the thigh.

Quadriceps

A large muscle group in the front of the thigh responsible for extending the knee.

Hamstrings

A group of muscles located at the back of the thigh, responsible for flexing the knee.

Ball-and-socket joint

A type of joint that allows for circular movement, such as the shoulder and hip joints.

Hinge joint

A joint that allows movement primarily in one direction, like the elbow and knee.

Antagonist muscle

A muscle that relaxes during the movement of another muscle.

Tendons

Tissue that connects muscles to bones.

Ligaments

Tissue that connects bones to other bones and helps stabilize joints.

Dorsiflexion

Movement that involves bending the foot upward toward the shin.

Plantar flexion

Movement that involves pointing the toes away from the shin.

Concentric contraction

A type of muscle contraction where the muscle shortens while generating force.

Eccentric contraction

A type of muscle contraction where the muscle lengthens while generating force.

Isometric contraction

A type of muscle contraction where the muscle exerts force without changing its length.

Abduction

Movement that takes limbs away from the body.

Adduction

Movement that brings limbs closer to the body.

Cartilage

A spongy substance between bones that prevents friction.

Synovial fluid

Fluid that lubricates joints and reduces friction during movement.

Prime mover

The muscle that is primarily responsible for a specific movement.