Lap 2 Study Guide Honors World History

Know which is the oldest civilization and which was longest lasting

meso oldest , egypt longest

Know ways Egypt is isolated and how that impacted its civilization

Cataracts, vast deserts

Know what do mummification and the pyramids (4+) each tell us about Egypt

Mummification- belief in an afterlife

Pyramids- strong govt, skilled labor, prosperous, belief in afterlife, geometry, hieroglyphics, organized people + supplies.

Know several STEM (math, astronomy, etc.) contributions from Egypt

S- medicine(anatomy), astronomy; calendar

T-Papyrus

E-Stone buildings

M- Geometry

Know who signed the Treaty of Kadesh and why it is notable/ unique

Ramses II, worlds first peace treaty

Know what foreigners preserved Egyptian culture in the 3rd Intermediate Period

Kushites

Know how geography impacted the Indus and ancient Chinese peoples

Indus river, mountains and deserts , China yellow river surrounded by mountain, deserts, and oceans

Know what their cities, housing and few weapons each tell us about the Indus

Cities: grid system, sewage system, organized and strong central gov.

Housing: made out of baked brick, similar houses, shows equality

Few weapons: few conflict, peaceful

Know two Harappan/ Indus STEM (med, math, + engineering) achievements

planned cities, sewage system

Know what is distinctive about early Chinese writing

based on pictures

Know how the ancient Chinese justified dynastic changes in rule

The mandate of heaven

Know the problems of feudalism under the Zhou dynasty and what ended it

people became too powerful, warring period

Know the focus/ most important group within Chinese society

family

Know several STEM contributions of ancient China (tech, textiles, medicine, etc.)

silk, great wall, irrigation canals, papermaking

Know the founders of Hinduism and Buddhism

Hinduism- no single founder

Buddhism- Buddha

Know where the Brahmin fit within the caste system and their ‘job’

They were at the top, performed religious rituals + traditions, taught + preserved sacred knowledge

Know the main activities of Buddhist monks

meditation + prayer, teaching + studying

Vocab cataracts

churning rapids formed by boulders

Vocab Step Pyramid

1st stone building

Vocab dynasties

a series of rulers from a single family

Vocab papyrus

A writing surface

Vocab hieroglyphics

writing system

Vocab Rosetta Stone

polished black stone inscribed with a message in three language founded by Napolean

Vocab Book of the Dead

prayers and spells

oracle bones

animal bones and tortoise on which priests had scratches questions for gods

dialects

variety of a language

Vedas

sacred literature

ancestor worship

honoring family members who have passed away

caste system/Varna

four groups, social system

feudalism

a system of gov. and land ownership where kings give land to nobles for loyalty and protection

dharma

duty, law, or responsibility

civil service

group who works for the gov.

nirvana

the after place, like heaven

why was Egyptian culture focused on the Nile?

the Nile provided food, resources, land, and travel

Contrast both the rivers and the power of the rulers in Meso. and Egypt

Meso had the tigris and euphrates river, while egypt had the Nile river. Meso was divided among many city-states, while egypt was centralized under the pharoah

What/who led to increased violence and the end of the Middle Kingdom?

The Hyksos

What/who led to Egypt’s decline after 1200 BC?

Other strong civilizations rose to challenge Egypts power.

Contrast the accomplishments of Egypt’s major pharaohs
--Hatshepsut, Thutmoses III, Akhenaton, Tutankhamon, Rameses II

Hatshepsut- first female Pharoah

Thutmoses III- Expanded the empire

Akhenaton- Tried monotheism

Tutankhamon- First tomb found intact

Rameses II- long rule, many building projects, Treaty of Kadesh with Hittites, Exodus

Compare Mesopotamia, Egypt, the Indus/ Harappa
--economy, religion, society, writing

Mesopotamia- E: monarchy, city-states R: polytheistic S: clear social divisions W: cuniform, Epic of Gilgamesh

Egypt- E: farming on the Nile, R: polytheistic, pharoah=divine S: Pharoah on top and strict hiearchy W: Hieroglyphics, deciphered

Indus/ Harappa- E: Farming wheat and traded with Meso. R: polytheistic, animal worship S: more equal, planned cities, little sign of elites W: indus script, still undeciphered

What caused the collapse of the early Indus civilizations?

enviroment changes and disasters, conflict, possible invasions

How did the Varna change over time

expansion

Relate the Four Noble Truths and the Eightfold Path

four noble truths-taught by buddha about the ending suffering

eightfold path steps buddhists follow to end suffering

Relate karma and reincarnation-

karma refers to a persons actions

reincarnation is someone being reborn