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Grammar
Meaning and Lexical Semantics
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35 Terms
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1
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Languages
a series of interrelated signs but every language is different.
2
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Directional opposites
________: matter of perspective from a single persons perspective.
3
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Taxonomic sisterhood
________: relationship of words at the same level (weiner, pug, doodle, golden= sisters)
4
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Reference
the language by which language hooks onto the world.
5
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physical form
Sign: complex understanding of the ________ of a word in relationship to what the word means.
6
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Partial synonyms
________: meaning components are shared between lexical items, but theyre not the same.
7
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Prototypes
________ play an important role in default reasoning.
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Lexical Semantics
________: meaning of words in isolation.
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Hyponymy
________: relationship of an item and its subsets.
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directional movement
Reverse: ________ along the continuum.
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Gradable
________: non- directional continuum of meaning.
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particular context
Sense: one meaning of a sign in a(n) ________.
13
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Meronymic relations
________: conditioned by experience.
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common world of discourse
The speaker can estimate what the speaker knows and assumes that they share a(n) ________.
15
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Taxonomic levels
________: speakers prefer to categorize reality at a basic level.
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sign
complex understanding of the physical form of a word in relationship to what the word means
17
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sense
one meaning of a sign in a particular context
18
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Lexical Semantics
meaning of words in isolation
19
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prototype theory
when speakers of a language acquire vocabulary for the first time, they adopt a mental prototype
20
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partial synonyms
meaning components are shared between lexical items, but theyre not the same
21
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antonyms
two expressions with opposing meanings
22
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complementary
states of being
23
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gradable
non-directional continuum of meaning
24
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reverse
directional movement along the continuum
25
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ascend
descend
26
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converse
opposite meaning relationships based on the pov of the speaker / listener
27
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im worker, you're boss (employee
employer
28
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X lends Z to Y
Y borrows Z from X
29
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directional opposites
matter of perspective from a single persons perspective
30
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taxonomic levels
speakers prefer to categorize reality at a basic level
31
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hyponymy
relationship of an item and its subsets
32
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hyponyms
weiner, pug, doodle
33
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hypernym
dog
34
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taxonomic sisterhood
relationship of words at the same level (weiner, pug, doodle, golden = sisters)
35
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meronymic relations
conditioned by experience
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