Exam 1: concepts

The granulocytes that contain cytoplasmic granules that take up both the acidic and basic components of Wright's stain are called:

neutrophils

In a patient with iron deficiency anemia, we would expect the hemoglobin concentration of whole blood to (increase/decrease/stay the same):

decrease

The muscular wall of the heart is called:

myocardium

The valve separating the left ventricle and aorta is the:

aortic semilunar valve

The darkened bands visible in cardiac muscle slides represent the cell junctions between two heart muscle cells. These darkened bands are called:

intercalated discs

The term "vertebral" refers to which region of the body?

spine

The term "buccal" refers to which region of the body?

cheek

What is the body cavity in which the spinal cord is located (by itself)?

spinal

What is the name of the wall of muscle that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity?

diaphragm

The knee is _____ to the foot.

proximal

The chest is _____ to the pelvis.

cranial

Which objective lens has the greater depth of field: 4X or 40X?

4X

The power of the ocular lens multiplied by the power of the objective lens used is equal to the ______

total magnification

The area you view through the microscope is the _______

field

What term is used to describe an abnormally low white blood cell count?

leukopenia

Name one hormone released by the testes.

testosterone

Name one hormone released by the ovary.

estrogen

The endocrine gland located in the thorax just posterior to the sternum is the ________

thymus

The endocrine gland located on a stalk attached to the base of the brain is the ______ gland.

pituitary

What condition results from hyposecretion of anti-diuretic hormone?

diabetes insipidus

Which anterior pituitary hormone controls secretions by the adrenal cortex?

adrenocorticotropic hormone

Which anterior pituitary hormone controls secretions by the mammary glands?

prolactin

This question refers to the Hormone Replacement portion of the Endocrine PhysioEx exercise. Was the weight of the uterus in the control rat higher, lower, or the same as the weight of the uterus of the rat treated with estrogen?

lower

This question refers to the Insulin and Diabetes portion of the Endocrine PhysioEx exercise. After the insulin injection, is the blood glucose concentration of the Aloxan treated rat higher, lower, or the same as the blood glucose concentration of the Alloxan treated rat prior to insulin injection?

lower

This question refers to the Metabolism portion of the Endocrine PhysioEx exercise. Did the metabolic rate of the thyroidectomized rat increase in response to thyroxine?

yes

This question refers to the Metabolism portion of the Endocrine PhysioEx exercise. Did the metabolic rate of the thyroidectomized rat increase in response to propylthiouracil?

no

Deficiency of vitamin ______ results in pernicious anemia

B12

You perform a hematocrit measurement on a sample of blood from a healthy female and a sample from a female with aplastic anemia. Which sample do you expect to have the lower hematocrit?

aplastic female

If you want to attempt a specific diagnosis for a person with a blood disorder, would you order a differential WBC count or a total WBC count?

differential WBC count

The formed elements known as [x1] are shaped like bi-concave discs and are responsible for carrying oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood.

erythrocytes

The leukocytes known as ______ have granules that stain red with Wright's stain and are responsible for killing parasitic worms.

eosinophils

In a normal adult, does blood passing through the pulmonary semilunar valve have a high oxygen concentration or a low oxygen concentration

low oxygen

The left atrium empties blood into which chamber of the heart?

left ventricle

Which heart valve separates the left atrium from the left ventricle?

mitral valve

The formed elements of blood consist of erythrocytes, platelets, and:

leoukocytes

The percentage of red blood cells in a sample of whole blood is called:

hematocrit

The thin serous membrane that is loosely applied to the chamber in which the heart sits is called:

parietal pericardium

The valve separating the right atrium and ventricle is the:

tricuspid valve

The term "manus" refers to which region of the body?

hand

The term "antebrachial" refers to which region of the body?

forearm

What is the body cavity in which the stomach (but not the urinary bladder) is located?

abdominal

The knee is distal to the hip.

distal

The head is _____ to the chest.

superior

If you are using an objective lens with a power of 40X and ocular lenses with a power of 10X, the total magnification of the specimen will be ____X.

400

The depth of the specimen which is clearly in focus is the _______.

depth of field

If you focus on a specimen using the 4X objective, then switch to the 10X objective, the specimen will still be in focus. This means that the microscope is ______.

parfocal

What term is used to describe an uncontrolled proliferation of white blood cells?

leukemia

Name the hormones released by the adrenal cortex.

mineralocorticoid

cortisol

aldosterone

glucocorticoid

androgens

gonadocorticoid

Name the hormones released by the ovary.

estrogen

progesterone

The endocrine glands located in the pelvic region of males are the _____

testes

The endocrine gland located in the throat just inferior to the larynx is the _______ gland.

thyroid

What condition results from hyposecretion of parathyroid hormone?

tetany

Which posterior pituitary hormone reduces elimination of water by the kidneys?

antidiuretic hormone

This question refers to the Hormone Replacement portion of the Endocrine PhysioEx exercise. What effect did estrogen have on uterine weight?

increased

This question refers to the Insulin and Diabetes portion of the Endocrine PhysioEx exercise. Prior to the insulin injection, what specific cells were destroyed in the experimental rat by Alloxan injections?

beta cells

This question refers to the Metabolism portion of the Endocrine PhysioEx exercise. How did the baseline metabolic rates of the experimental rats compare to the metabolic rate of the control rat?

lower

_______ anemia is inhertited as a recessive trait, most commonly by people of african descent.

sickle cell

You perform a hematocrit measurement on a sample of blood from a healthy female from Boston and a sample from a healthy female from Denver. Which sample do you expect to have the higher hematocrit?

denver

_______ are fragments of megakaryocytes and are instrumental in blood clotting.

platelets

Activated monocytes are called ______

macrophages

In a normal adult, does blood passing through the bicuspid valve have a high oxygen concentration or a low oxygen concentration?

high oxygen

Which heart valve separates the right ventricle from the pulmonary artery?

pulmonary semilunar valve