History Exam Semester 1

Social Mobility

When people moved from one social class to another often due to changes in wealth, education, or occupation. It can lead to greater opportunities for individuals and significant societal shifts.

Age of Reason / The Enlightenment

A period of time when people wanted to learn why things happen and John Locke wrote about questioning the government.

Boston Massacre

Took place at a Customs House when people were protesting the Townshend Acts. The Townshend acts gave British soldiers Writes of Assistance, Blank Search warrants. The Massacre was used as Propaganda by the patriots.

Sugar Act of 1763

The British first tried to stop smuggling with the Sugar Act of 1763. Which taxed sugar and molasses and set courts to stop smuggling.

The Coercive / Intolerable Acts

Closed the Port in Boston, took away the right of colonists to meet, and

the right to try government officials accused of crimes.

The First Continental Congress

Petitioned the King for peace, ordered colonists to form militias, and to

meet the following summer.

The Second Continental Congress

Sent King George the Olive Branch Petition (asking King to remove troops), and Formed the army with Washington in command. Also they authorized Thomas Jefferson to write the Declaration of Independence.

NO TAXATION WITHOUT REPRESENTATION

Colonists were most upset with NO TAXATION WITHOUT REPRESENTATION.

The French and Indian War

(Called the 7 years’ war in Europe) was caused when the British colonist started moving into the French Ohio valley. The war ended with the Treaty of Paris that gave the British all land east of the Mississippi River. William Pitt was credited with winning the war by sending supplies and troops to America at a huge cost.

George Washington

Became a colonial hero at Fort Necessity, during the French and Indian war when he stood up to the French.

First battle of the American Revolution

The First battle of the American Revolution was Lexington and Concord when William Dawes and Paul Revere warned the colonists the British soldiers were on the move.

The Tea Act

Lowered the price on tea and put colonial merchants out of business, the Stamp Act taxed paper products, the Quartering Act made colonists house British soldiers, Sugar Act was a tax on sugar, Declaratory Act was a statement by the king he could tax them.

Mercantilism

Theory that stated you could get rich by exporting more then you import.

Bunker Hill

At Bunker Hill the patriots tried to drive the British from Boston.

The first attempt to settle in America by the British

Was Roanoke (1587); the first successful settlement was Jamestown. Tobacco made Jamestown profitable. Joint stock companies paid for settlements. Merchants invested money in them. The original settlers came for gold and adventure. The winter of 1609 – 1610 was the starving time.

Powhatten

The Indian chief had a good relationship with John Smith until he died.

Puritans came to America for?

Religious freedom. They were Pilgrims on a religious journey. They did

lumber and Fishing for a living.

Climate, geography, landscape all influenced?

What people did for a living.

The southern colonies were formed for?

Agriculture

William Penn?

Set up Pennsylvania to help the Quakers. Georgia was set up by George Oglethorpe as a debtor’s colony. Columbian exchange is the one time exchange of animals, plants, ideas from the old world to the new world and vice versa.

The French and Native Americans were?

Friends who traded. The Spanish enslaved the natives and the

British got along with them as long as they were getting free land from them.

Indentured Servants came to America and?

Had to work off the debt of their voyage over.

The Triangle Trade

Is trade between America, Africa, and Europe. The middle passage brought slaves to America. Finished products went to Africa and America and raw material went to Europe. The American Revolution ends with the Treaty of Paris in 1783. The last battle was at Yorktown were the French navy helped surround the British General Cornwallis.

Valley Forge

Was a harsh winter for Washington’s troops. The Treaty of Alliance was signed with France after the battle of Saratoga, which was considered the turning point of the war. The worst American defeat was at Long Island, where Hessians killed hundreds of Americans. Trenton was important because it gave troops a reason to reenlist.

Treaty of Paris

Land bridge connecting North America to Asia during the last ice age.Quakers moved to Pennsylvania with William Penn.The Dutch originally settled New York. Know primary and secondary sources.

Thomas Jefferson

Wrote the declaration of Independence and it was signed on July 4 th , 1776. Common sense was written by Thomas Paine

John Locke

Said people have the right to natural right to life liberty and the pursuit of happiness, and people can overthrow the government when it threatens those rights. Spain paid for Columbus’s voyage to America. The Continental Congress could not tax to raise money for the war.