APUSH American Pageant Chapter 7 AMSCO Unit #3A

Republicanism

society where all citizens left private interests for the common good; opposed aristocracy and monarch; relied on citizen's virtues

Radical Whigs

feared the monarchy/parliament's impact on liberty; hated bribes and corruption

Navigation Law of 1650

all colonial commerce must be carried by British vessels; all American goods must pass through Britain

"Enumerated" Products

these products (ex. tobacco) could only be sold to Britain

Sugar Act (1764)

increased the duty on imported, foreign sugar; implemented by Minister Grenville

Quartering Act (1765)

certain colonies had to provide food and shelter for British troops; implemented by Minister Grenville

Stamp Act (1765)

it taxed all paper products (bills of sale, legal documents, playing cards, pamphlets, newspapers, diplomas, and marriage licenses); tried offenders were guilty until innocent and had no jury

"Taxation Without Representation"

colonists claimed taxes were unfair as the British government had no colonial representatives; Grenville claimed he was only asking Americans to pay their share of the costs of defense

"Virtual Representation"

the British government argued that Parliament represented the colonists as it represented all British subjects (based on class, not location)

Stamp Act Congress (1765)

27 delegates from 9 colonies asked Britain to repeal the Stamp Act

Nonimportation Agreements

many joined these consumer boycotts (ex. homespun cloth over British textiles)

Sons of Liberty

enforced nonimportation agreements through tar/feathers or ransacking officials' homes for money

Stamp Act Repeal (1766)

Parliament broke down after the nonimportation agreements and repealed the Stamp Act

Declaratory Act (1766)

reaffirmed Parliament's right to bind the colonies in all cases whatsoever

Townshend Acts (1767)

light import duty on glass, lead, paper, paint, and teal invented by Townshend; colonists began nonimportation agreements and began smuggling in response

Boston Massacre (1770)

60 townspeople threw snowballs at 10 redcoats due to their anger that an 11-year-old was killed at a protest; the soldiers opened fire, hitting 11 and killing 4

Committees of Correspondence (1772)

spread the spirit of resistance through oppositional letters

Boston Tea Party (1773)

colonists disguised themselves as Natives and dumped 342 tea chests off the ship that was ordered to stay until all tea was sold at the Boston Harbor (value of 2 million dollars today)

Repressive/Intolerable Acts (1774)

Parliament's reaction to the colonies; restricted town meetings, changed red coat trials, and created a new quartering act

Boston Port Act

a part of the Intolerable Acts that closed the Boston Harbor until all tea damages were paid

Quebec Act (1774)

allowed French Canada to retain their customs and Catholicism and expanded their border to the Ohio River

Continental Congress (1774)

55 men for 7 weeks created dignified papers after the Intolerable Acts and prolonged argument; they called for a boycott on British goods

Declaration of Rights

created at the First Continental Congress; listed what they considered to be inherent rights of man

Lexington and Concord (April 1775)

British troops seized colonial gunpowder, John Hancock, and Samuel Adams at Lexington; at Concord, the British were defeated by the waiting American militiamen

"Minute Men"

colonial soldiers who were ready within a minute

Hessians

30,000 hired German soldiers

Loyalists

50,000 Americans who supported the British and recruited Natives for their cause

Marquis de Lafayette

a major general who helped secure French aid