Unit 2 Exam Review

prolactin

prolactin

stimulates milk production in the mammary glands in female

luteinizing hormone (LH)

a gonadotropin, simulates ovulation and estrogen and progesterone synthesis

follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

gonadotropins, stimulates the production of eggs in the ovaries and the sperm in the testes

growth hormone

acts on the entire body to promote protein synthesis, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism

adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete corticosteroids

thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

stimulates the thyroid gland to secrete thyroid hormone

most of the joints in the body

synovial

another name for growth hormone

somatotropin

condyloid

joint that allows for flexion and extension, as well as side-to-side movement

stimulates the contraction of the uterus during childbirth and triggers the release of milk from the breasts during lactaion

oxytocin

flexion

bending a joint so as to decrease the angle of the joint

extension

straightening a joint, increasing the angle between the bones

hyperextension

extreme extension of a joint beyond its normally straight position

dorsiflexion

moving the toes or foot upward

plantar flexion

moving the toes or foot downward

abduction

moving body part away from midline

adduction

moving body part toward midline

circumduction

distal end of an appendage moves in circle

internal rotation

when bone spins toward body midline

external rotation

when bone spins away from body midline

supination

movement that turns the palm upward

pronation

movement that turns the palm downward

inversion

foot movement that turns the sole medially, toward the other foot

eversion

foot movement that turns the sole laterally, away from the other foot

protraction

moves part forward

retraction

moves part backward

acts on kidneys to reduce urine volume and prevent dehydration

vasopressin

gland that is ductless and secretes their hormone directly into the bloodstream

endocrine

binds to receptors in the nucleus

steroid hormone

process that influences cells’ response to hormones

second messenger

gland that secretes melatonin

pineal

type of suture joints in the skull

fibrous

rotator cuff is found

shoulder

when articular cartilage softens and degenerates

osteoarthritis

IM injections

deltoid

chemoreceptors

react to various chemicals, like odor and tastes

mechanoreceptor

respond to factors that change the position of receptor

thermoreceptors

activated by change in temperature

nociceptor

respond to tissue damage from trauma, heat, chemicals, pressure, lack of oxygen

photoreceptor

found only in the eyes, respond to light

proprioceptor

found in skeletal muscle, joints, and tendons. provide information about body movement, muscle stretch, and the general orientation of the body

sclera

outermost layer of eye

cornea

transparent extension of the sclera, admits light into the eye

iris

ring of colored muscle

ciliary body

thickened extension of the choroid that forms a collar around the lens

choroid

highly vascular layer of tissue that supplies oxygen and nutrients to the retina and sclera

retina

thin layer of light-sensitive cells

optic nerve

posterior portion of the eyeball, transmits signals to the brain

frontal lobe

central sulcus forms posterior boundary; governs memory, emotion, social judgment, decision making, reasoning, and aggression

temporal lobe

governs hearing, smell, learning, memory, emotional behavior, and visual recognition

parietal lobe

concerned with receiving and interpreting bodily sensations; touch, temperature, pressure, and pain

occipital lobe

concerned with analyzing and interpreting visual information

insula

hidden behind the lateral sulcus; interprets perception of pain, basic emotions (includes joy, happiness, anger and disgust)

the descending spinal tract carries _______ _______ down the spinal cord

motor impulse

pairs of spinal nerves

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hormone that secretes glucagon

alpha

hormone that secretes insulin

beta