Midterm Bio 9th Grade ACP

SPONCH stands for?

Sulfur, Phosphorus, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Carbon, Hydrogen

Organic molecules

the four molecules that make up living things

what does Carbohydrates provide?

Energy

Monomer

Building block

glucose or sugar

monosaccharides

what does Monosaccharides provide for Carbohydrates?

Energy

Polymer

Polysaccharide

What is Polysaccharide?

starch

What does starch provide?

Energy for tomorrow

Lipids

Store energy, Make up cell membrane

What is Lipids monomer form?

fatty acid

Proteins are also

Polypeptides

What does protein do?

Build muscles and body

Enzymes are made of?

proteins

amino acids are?

proteins monomer

What are Enzymes?

Catalysts that speed up chemical reactions, build and break bonds of molecules

When does Enzymes stops working?

In the wrong pH, or temperature

What happen when an enzymes are in the wrong pH or temperature?

They denature, their shapes is changed

What doesn’t fit into enzymes, when an enzymes is denature?

substrate

Energy monomers end in . . .

“-ose”

Enzymes names often end in . . .

“-ase”

pH : acid

below 7

pH : base

above 7

pH : neutral

7

Nucleic acids are

Genetic codes

nucleotides are made up of?

sugar, phospate, base

DNA and RNA are made up of?

Nucleic acid

All living things are made up of ____

cells

A cell is the ____ unit that is ____ and can carry on all the processes of ____.

smallest; alive; life

Cells contained ____, which specialize parts that carry out specific ____.

organelles; functions

Define Homostasis

maintaining an internal balance

Prokaryotic cells are . . .

small and simples cells

Prokaryotic cells are what type of cells?

bacterial cells

Pro = NO . . .

NO nucleus, NO membrane bound organelles

Prokaryotic cells does have . . .

a cell wall

Every type of cells had the following 4 structures

Cell membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, DNA

Cell membrane/plasma membrane

controls whats enter and exist the cells

cytoplasm

fluid that fills empty space of the cell between organelles

Ribosome

build proteins (protein synthesis)

DNA

Genetic instructions coding for traits of all organism

Eukaryotic cells are . . .

Larger and more complex cells; includes animal, plant, and fungi cells

Eukaryotic cells have . . .

a nucleus, have a membrane bound organelles

Animal cells are round because they don’t have a ______.

cell wall

Plant cell are _____ because they do have a cell wall

square

Plant cells have these organelles that Animal cells doesn’t have.

Chloroplast, cell wall, large central vacuole

Passive transport

movement of molecules from high to low concentration

T or F: Passive transport REQUIRED energy

False

whats another name for passive transport?

diffusion

Osmosis

diffusion of water

Active transport

Movement of molecules low to high concentration through proteins pump

T or F: Active transport DOES required energy

True

Endocytosis

large molecules ENTER the cell through vacuoles

Exocytosis

large molecules EXIT the cell through vacuoles

Photosynthesis

Process by which PLANTS producers make their own food (glucose) using energy from sunglight

Photosynthesis formula

CO₂ + H₂O + light energy —> C₆H₁₂O₆ + O₂

Plants uses . . .

carbon dioxide, water, and light energy to make glucose and oxygen.

Where does photosynthesis occur?

chloroplasts

Cellular respiration

Process that breaks down food (glucose) into usuable energy ATP

Cellular respiration formula

C₆H₁₂O₆ + O₂ —> CO₂ + H₂O + 36ATP

Where does Cellular respiration occur in eukaryotes cells

occur in mitochondria of animal cells