St. Gianna Respiratory system review and terms

epistaxis

a fancy term for a nosebleed

upper respiratory infection (UPI)

the common cold is an example of this

COPD

a long lasting condition of blocked airways, and increased CO2 amounts

asthma

inflammation of the bronchial tubes caused usually by an allergen

pleurisy

the membranes around the lungs become inflamed causing pain when breathing

tuberculosis (T.B.)

an infection caused by a specific bacteria. we had to test negative to volunteer at the hospital

pneumonia

infection and inflammation in the alveoli

hemoptysis

coughing up blood

bronchitis

inflammation of the bronchial tubes, usually viral or bacterial

lung cancer

symptoms are hemoptysis, dyspnea, and chest pain

influenza

symptoms are fever, chills, and body aches; caused by a virus

pharynx

tube common to both the resp and digestive system

larynx

contains the vocal chords

primary bronchi

two main branches off of the trachea

alveoli

location in the lungs where gas exchange occurs

nasal cavity/nose

main job is to filter, warm, and humidify air

pleura

membrane which surrounds the lungs

bronchioles

take air to the alveoli

CO2

respiratory gas which regulates breathing rate

right lung

has 3 lobes

left lung

has 2 lobes

aspiration

the term given for inhaling something into the lungs

vital capacity

refers to the total amount of air you can inhale and exhale in one breath

tidal volume

refers to the amount of air you move during normal respiration

inspiratory reserve volume

the amount of air beyond the tidal volume that you can take in with a maximum inhalation

expiratory reserve volume

refers to how much air you can expel with a max exhalation after a normal exhalation

residual volume

the air left in the lung after maximum ihalation

minimal air

air left in the lungs after they collapse

dyspnea

difficulty breathing

apnea

not breathing/without breathing

S.O.B

shortness of breath

hyperventilation/hyperpnea

abnormally deep breathing

bradypnea

slow breathing

tachypnea

rapid breathing

orthopnea

difficulty breathing when lying down

pleural cavity

the body where the lungs sit

pleura

membrane which surrounds the lungs

HIPAA

health care insurance portability and accountability act

scope of practice

medical skills you are qualified to perform

order of scope of practice

CNA, CMA, LPN, RN, RN-BSN, APRN (PA), PhD, Dr. ,M.D. D.O.

negligence

failing to perform something you were required to do

liable/liability

responsibility for what happened

3 D’s of negligence

duty to act, derelict in that duty, damage was caused

civil lawsuit

taking away someone’s rights

criminal lawsuit

a law has been broken - jail or fine

informed consent

proposed method of treatment, why is it necessary, risk involved, alternate treatments, risk involved with that, risks with no treatment

who cannot give consent

minors, mentally incompetent, speakers of foreign languages

good samaritan law

if you act as a reasonable rational person would, you cannot be sued

advanced directive

given instructions for medical care if the patient is unstable

A.S.A.P.S

advanced directive, spouse, adult children, parents, siblings

living will

gives personal medical and financial wishes

DPoA

grants one person the legal right to make medical and financial decisions if the appointer is unable

medical proxy

a person that explains your medical wishes

emphysema

alveoli lose their elasticity, caused by smoking, S/S dysnpea, S.O.B

pleurisy

pleural membrane is inflamed; dyspnea, S.O.B

RSV

respiratory syncytial virus; primarily impacts babies; mucus build up, dyspnea, S.O.B, decreased appetite

pulmonary embolism

blood clot blocking the pulmonary artery

cystic fibrosis

inherited disease that causes a large mucus build up in the lungs

IRDS

infant respiratory distress syndrome; no production of surfactant

surfactant

soap like substance that keeps alveoli walls from sticking together

pneumothorax

air in chest cavity due to a punctured lung

hemothorax

blood in chest cavity; hemoptysis

hemopneumothorax

blood and air in chest cavity